随遇而谋:田野敏感与海外民族志研究--基于马来西亚马六甲田野调查的思考  

Planning Changed with Opportunities:Field Sensitivity and Ethnographic Studies Abroad:Reflections Based on Field Research in Malacca,Malaysia

作　　者：高莉莎 GAO Lisha

机构地区：[1]云南大学“一带一路”研究院/国际关系研究院,昆明650091

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第4期106-117,共12页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目““一带一路”沿线国家各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(编号:17ZDA156);国家社会科学基金一般项目“马来西亚多元族群关系民族志研究”(编号:19BMZ109)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在全球化背景下,科学民族志时代的田野调查范式已经不适应当下海外民族志调查的挑战。文章在借鉴新闻学“新闻敏感”概念的基础上,将人类学学者在田野调查中迅速厘清调查线索、找到关键报告人、厘清调查思路、明确研究主题的能力表述为“田野敏感”。作者在马来西亚马六甲的田野工作中发现:田野敏感需要贯穿于田野调查始终,善于抓住“直觉想象”,进行“主动追问式访谈”和“持续共谋式合作”,这有助于提升在确定性更低的海外社会文化情境中的民族志研究效能。面对特定的时空情境,具备“随遇而谋”特质的田野敏感是人类学学者应该着力培养的素质。In the context of globalization,the fieldwork paradigm of scientific ethnography is no longer adequate to meet the challenges of contemporary overseas ethnographic research.Inspired by journalism's“nose for news”,this article describes the ability of anthropologists to quickly identify investigative leads,find key informants,clarify investigative paths,and define research themes during fieldwork as“field sensitivity”.The author's fieldwork in Malacca,Malaysia,reveals that field sensitivity needs to be maintained throughout the entire fieldwork process.Adept at capturing intuitive imagination,conducting proactive inquiry interviews,and engaging in continuous collaborative cooperation helps to enhance the effectiveness of ethnographic research in overseas socio-cultural contexts where certainty is lower.In the face of specific temporal and spatial contexts,the ability to adapt to circumstances as part of field sensitivity is a skill that anthropologists should strive to cultivate.

关 键 词：海外民族志 田野调查 田野敏感 马来西亚 

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