天命与道德重建:宋高宗立嗣与南宋初期政治  

The Mandate of Heaven and the Moral Reconstruction:The Designation of Emperor Gaozong's Heir and the Politics of the Early Southern Song Dynasty

作　　者：孙健 SUN Jian(International Institute of Chinese Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际中国文化研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期44-61,共18页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在南宋初内忧外患的局势下,高宗选立太祖后裔育于宫中,促成了帝统由太宗一系转归太祖后裔。选立决策对于理解南宋初期政治具有重要意义,它并非高宗个人意愿的体现,而是孟太后和大臣集体意志推动的结果。一方面,自北宋初年便开始流行的“太祖之后当再有天下”的谶语,在靖康之难的冲击下,形成归帝位于太祖后人的群体信念,被高宗君臣视为应答天谴、消弭兵祸的必要举措。另一方面,高宗君臣构建起创业-中兴的话语体系,为新生政权寻求合法性,选立太祖后裔再现了宋太祖“不以私其近属”的公心,被认为是南宋政权重获“天命”的道德根基。Amidst the turmoil of the early Southern Song Dynasty,marked by both internal strife and external threat,Emperor Gaozong made the pivotal decision to choose an heir from the lineage of Emperor Taizu and raise him within the imperial palace.This strategic move facilitated the transition of the imperial succession from the descendants of Emperor Taizong to those of Taizu.Understanding the rationale behind this decision is crucial for grasping the political dynamics of the early Southern Song period.It was not merely an expression of Gaozong's personal will but rather a collective decision influenced by Empress Dowager Meng and his court officials.On the one hand,the prophecy that“the successor of Taizu will one day rule the world anew”,which had been circulating since the early Northern Song Dynasty,had become a deeply ingrained belief.This belief was further reinforced by the Jingkang Incident,leading to a consensus that the throne should revert to Taizu's lineage as a way to atone for past calamities and to mitigate ongoing conflicts.Gaozong and his advisors viewed this as a necessary step to align with the divine will and to avert further calamities.On the other hand,Gaozong and his court crafted a narative of innovation and revival to legitimize their new regime.The choice of Taizu's heir was seen as rekindling the public spirit embodied by Song Taizu who was known for his principle of“not favoring his kin for personal gain”.This principle was regarded as the moral cornerstone upon which the Southern Song Dynasty could hope to regain the"Mandateof Heaven".

关 键 词：宋高宗 立嗣 太祖后裔 群体信念 道德重建 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]