性别平等意识对女性就业的影响——基于近代报纸库的经验研究  

Impact of Gender Equality Awareness on Female Employment:An Empirical Analysis Based on Newspapers in China in the 1930s

作　　者：李梦青 梁文泉 焦建华[3] Li Mengqing;Liang Wenquan;Jiao jianhua(School of Economics&Management,South China Normal University;School of Economics,Xiamen University;School of Economics,Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学经济与管理学院 [2]暨南大学经济学院 [3]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第5期220-240,共21页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国侨汇档案整理与研究(1915—1992)”(项目编号:19ZDA209);国家自然科学基金面上项目“空间均衡视角下的外来人口市民化研究:事实描述、模型估计和政策讨论”(项目编号:72373054);广东省自然科学基金面上项目“广东省推进外来人口市民化的财政效应研究”(项目编号:2022A1515011096)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用近代报纸库数据,借助文本分析方法构造各地区的性别平等意识指标,探讨性别平等意识对女性就业的短期和长期影响。结果表明,性别平等意识的增强显著降低了20世纪30年代女性就业的数量和占比,并减少了假日天数。利用明清时期贞节牌坊数量作为工具变量解决内生性问题后,结论稳健。而在长期影响方面,性别平等意识对女性就业的影响发生了逆转,从2000年之前的负效应变成之后的正影响。劳动者谈判能力的提升是长短期影响出现逆转的关键。This paper uses newspapers in China in the early 20th century to construct gender equality awareness through text analysis methods to explore the short and long-term effects of gen-der equality awareness on female employment.The results show that increased awareness of gen-der equality significantly reduced the number and share of female employment and the number of holiday days in the 1930s.The findings are robust after using the number of chastity archways in the Ming and Qing dynasties as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity problem.In contrast,in the long run,the effect of gender equality awareness on female employment reverses,from a negative effect before 2000 to a positive effect afterward.The increased bargaining power of workers after the arrival of the Lewis turning point in the labor market is key to the reversal of the long-and short-term impact.

关 键 词：性别平等 女性就业 议价能力 刘易斯转折点 

分 类 号：F419[经济管理—产业经济] F249.19