岳阳市献血者HTLV感染情况分析及检测方法对比研究  

Analysis of HTLV Infection and Comparative Study of Detection Methods in Blood Donors in Yueyang City

作　　者：周砺宏 吴晓晋 陈宏伟 罗惠宾 黄志翔 祝青 ZHOU Lihong;WU Xiaojin;CHEN Hongwei;LUO Huibin;HUANG Zhixiang;ZHU Qing(Yueyang central blood station,Yueyang 414000,China;Sansure Biotech Inc.,Changsha 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]岳阳市中心血站,岳阳414000 [2]圣湘生物科技股份有限公司,长沙410205

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2024年第28期75-78,共4页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解岳阳市无偿献血人群中人类嗜T细胞淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV)的感染情况,分析本市近5年来流行趋势及风险的变化,研究对比HTLV的检测方法和策略,探索高效适宜降低HTLV传播风险的措施。方法用双抗体抗原夹心ELISA方法检测筛查2019—2023年144869名献血者血液标本,统计分析本地献血HTLV的感染阳性率和县域分布情况。其中10104份标本同时采用EIA方法和PCR方法平行检测,对比研究2种初筛检测方法的结果差异;对所有筛查有反应性标本(S/CO≥1)用核酸检测(PCR)及免疫蛋白印记实验(WB)进行确证性实验,研究对比ELISA、PCR和WB这3种方确证方法的结果差异。通过调查问卷了解确证阳性献血者籍贯、生活经历和行为习惯,分析研究HTLV的流行趋势和感染途径。结果筛查检测献血者144869名HTLV中酶免初筛出检出有反应性标本31例,初筛阳性率为0.02%,确认阳性10例,不确定2例,综合阳性率为0.07‰;10104例献血者ELISA与PCR检测方法二者比较有显著差异性,未出现ELISA漏检情况。本站ELISA试剂初筛阳性确证率为32.25%。结论HTLV在岳阳市献血者呈低流行趋势,统计各年份的确认阳性率无显著差异;县域人群中感染率有显著性差异,个别县确证HTLV阳性率较高;研究比对ELISA作为HTLV初筛方法具有足够的灵敏度和可操作性,PCR及WB法作为确证性试验具有很好的特异性和可靠性,且两者之间具有一定的互补性;在HTLV确证阳性献血者问卷调查中发现多名感染者均有沿海地区工作生活经历。Objective To understand human lymphocytovirus T-cell(HTLV)infection in the free blood donor population in Yueyang City,Analyzing trends and risks in the city over the last five years,research and comparison of methods and strategies for detection of HTLV,Explore efficient and appropriate measures to reduce the risk of HTLV transmission.Methods Double antibody antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect and screen blood samples from 144869 blood donors from 2019 to 2023,and the positive rate of HTLV infection and county distribution of local blood donations were statistically analyzed.Among them,10104 samples were tested by ELISA and PCR at the same time,and the results of the two methods were compared.All the samples(S/CO≥1)were tested by nucleic acid test(PCR)and immunoprotein imprinting(WB).The results of ELISA,PCR and WB were compared.The origin,life experience and habits of confirmed positive blood donors were investigated through a survey,and the flow trend and infection route of HTV were analyzed.Results Among 144869 blood donors,31 cases of HTLV were detected by ELISA,the positive rate was 0.02%,10 cases were confirmed positive,2 cases were uncertain,the comprehensive positive rate was 0.007%.There was significant difference between ELISA and PCR in 10104 blood donors,and there was no ELISA missed detection.The positive rate of ELISA reagent was 32.25%.Conclusions The prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in Yueyang City is low.The positive rate of HTLV in different years has no significant difference.The infection rate of HTLV was significantly different in different counties.ELISA was compared with PCR and WB.The positive rate of S/CO in high value group and low value group was significantly different.There were 2 cases confirmed HTLV positive in low value reactive samples and no ELISA missed detection.In the survey of HTLV positive blood donors,it was found that many of them had working and living experience in coastal areas.

关 键 词：无偿献血 T淋巴细胞病毒 感染途径 初筛实验 确证实验 检测策略 传播风险 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学]