详译明律,承明法统:清律“小注”的典型特征与创新发展  

Detailed Translation of Ming Code,Inheriting the Laws of the Ming Dynasty:Typical Characteristics and Innovative Development of Qing Code s“Annotations”

作　　者：王毓 WANG Yu

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第7期15-32,共18页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：贵州大学引进人才科研基金项目“中国古代律典‘小注’研究”(2023005)。

摘　　要：清律小注是“详译明律”最典型的体现,创造出以“译”为主的小注风格。清律新增小注以对律文语言结构诸如实词、虚词和连词、副词、介词、代词,以及主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等语法结构的补足为主要内容。同时又进一步明晰明律所隐含的法律规范要素,援引其他法律条文提醒法律适用的规则。除此之外,清律小注还将注释范围扩大到律名与例文,充分吸收明代注释律学的精华,注释方式更加灵活,对律典进行全方位的彻底注释。清律小注使得承继自明律的律文确定化程度更高,成为律典小注集大成者。由明律小注之简发展到清律小注之繁,也体现出律典制定繁简交替、因时制宜的要求,对维护律典的稳定传承、法律条文的稳定具有重要作用。Although the Qing Dynasty's legal system originated from the Ming Dynasty's legal system and had a high degree of similarity in legal texts,there were significant differences in the number and scale of annotations on the Ming and Qing dynasties legal systems.Out of the 460 laws in the Da Ming Law,only 86 are accompanied by annotations,and the vast majority of annotations are explanatory annotations represented by the character“predicate”.However,the Shunzhi Code has almost every article with small annotations,which is by no means the volume that can be covered by the annotations in the Da Ming Law.Most of the Qing Code annotations are added separately from the annotations in the Da Ming Law.Therefore,it can be considered that the legislative policy of“detailed translation of the Ming Code”in the Qing Dynasty is mainly reflected in the annotations.This has also created an unprecedented function of“translation”.“Translation”is a unique function of Qing Code annotations and a characteristic of Qing Code annotations.Based on inheriting the experience of compiling legal dictionaries from previous dynasties,the addition of new annotations in the Qing Dynasty goes beyond the historical experience of legal annotations in the Tang and Ming dynasties,forming a very typical innovation.The innovation of adding annotations to the Qing Code system is firstly reflected in the supplementation of grammatical structures such as content words,function words,conjunctions,adverbs,prepositions,pronouns,as well as subjects,predicates,objects,attributives,adverbials,etc.Secondly,it clarifies the legal normative elements implied by the Ming Code,which includes reproducing various normative elements that have general provisions but are not explained in specific legal texts.This includes inferring the implicit normative elements based on the context of the legal text and reproducing them.Thirdly,it is reflected in the citation of other relevant legal provisions in the Qing Dynasty annotations to remind the applicable rules

关 键 词：清律 律典小注 律学 明律 律文确定化 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学] H0[语言文字—语言学]