“心灵”语词的历史—因果关联——唯心主义与“Mind”“Geist”“Idealism”及其他  

Historical-causal Correlation of the Term“Mind”——Weixinzhuyi(唯心主义)and Mind,Geist,Idealism and Others

作　　者：韩水法[1] HAN Shuifa

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第9期5-30,共26页Academic Monthly

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“古典汉语意识思想与现代意识理论构建研究”(22JJD720004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代有关心灵、意识和智能的汉语研究,首先是从西方引入,然后再自主展开的,因此汉语翻译就是必由之路。一百多年来的相关迻译并非有计划而系统地进行,而是散漫地开展的,译法则呈现出不小的差异。汉语所要迻译的又是来自多个语种的心灵、意识和心理等簇词语,这又可能进一步加剧汉译在理解和术语方面的差异。但在上述复杂的情形之下,在心灵和意识等领域,汉语译名却表现出了一定程度的一致性或统一性。那么现在要探讨的问题就是,这种一致性的原因或约束是什么?为了澄清这个问题,我们考察和分析了英语和德语有关心灵的一簇词语之间的词源的和意义的关联,通过追溯和澄清它们的本义、核心意义以及主要衍生意义,说明它们彼此之间的对应关系和差异,循此寻找它们与汉语相应一簇词语的某些对应和关联关系,从其中发现汉语-思想的秩序及其某种内在的约束。在这样的语境中,我们同时揭示了“idealism”的广阔而深厚的意义,并诠证它之所以译为唯心主义的充分理由。Modern Chinese research on mind,consciousness,and intelligence was first introduced from the West and then independently developed.Therefore,Hanese translation is the only way forward.The translation of relevant works over the past century has not been carried out in a planned and systematic manner,but rather in a scattered manner,with significant differences in translation methods.The Hanese language also requires the translation of words from multiple languages such as the mind,consciousness,and psychology,which may further exacerbate differences in understanding and terminology in Hanese translation.However,in the above complex situations,in the fields of mind and consciousness,the Hanese translations have shown a certain degree of consistency or unity.The question now is what are the reasons or constraints for this consistency?To clarify this issue,we examined and analyzed the etymological and semantic connections between a cluster of words related to the mind in English and German.By tracing back and clarifying their original,core,and main derivative meanings,we explained their corresponding relationships and differences,and followed this to find some corresponding and related relationships between them and a corresponding cluster of words in Hanese.From this,we discovered the order of Hanese-thought and some inherent constraints within it.In this context,we also reveal the broad and profound meaning of idealism and demonstrate the sufficient reasons for its translation as唯心主义(idealism).

关 键 词：心 心脏 心灵 唯心主义 词语-思想秩序 方法 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]