绅士统治、市民资本主义与共和制——早期现代英格兰国家构建的独特道路  

The Rule of Gentleman,Bourgeois Capitalism,and Republicanism——The Unique Path of State-building in Early Modern England

作　　者：陈涛[1] CHEN Tao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第9期130-143,共14页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“基于晚期韦伯‘国家社会学’的国家理论研究”(20CSH009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在马克斯·韦伯看来,早期现代英格兰国家构建的独特性就在于,乡绅出任治安法官和参与议会政治,确立了一个地方自治的传统。这不仅形塑了英格兰政制,而且还为现代市民资本主义的发展提供了自由的空间。而上述政治和经济体制确立的关键性时刻就在于英国内战中,乡绅与市民阶层和其他群体联合在一起,反抗国王,打断了那时由王权所推动的集权化和官僚化进程,从而迈上了一条有别于欧陆的国家构建道路。乡绅对公职的积极参与,他们所奉行的绅士平等原则,及其秉持的伦理德性,使得绅士统治成为早期现代英格兰民主政治和资本主义的领航人和守护者。今天,重拾韦伯的分析,既有助于弥补晚近英国史研究进路上的局限,也为我们思考现代国家构建提供了可供借鉴的资源。Max Weber's analysis of the politics and economy in early modern England offers a comprehensive insight into its distinctive path of state-building.He highlights the role of the gentry in serving as the Justice of the Peace and Member of Parliament,which established a regime of local self-government.This not only shaped the constitution of early modern England but also facilitated the development of modern bourgeois capitalism.The critical moment was the English Civil War.The gentry,along with the bourgeois and other groups,united to resist the crown,thus deviating from the centralized and bureaucratic processes prevalent on the Continent.The active participation in public office,the equality between the gentlemen,and the ethical virtue of the gentry positioned them as the leaders and guardians of democracy in England.Returning to Weber's insight not only helps us address the limitations of recent historical studies but also provides valuable resources for contemplating modern state-building.

关 键 词：乡绅 治安法官 英国内战 资本主义 共和制 国家构建 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]