若尔盖沙化草地土壤理化性质与植被承载力关系  

Relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation carrying capacity in Zoige desertified grassland

作　　者：贺丽[1,2] 黄雪梅 陈德朝 瞿艳萍[3] 李红霖 吴科君 吴世磊 杨靖宇 鄢武先[1,2] 邓东周 HE Li;HUANG Xuemei;CHEN Dechao;QU Yanping;LI Honglin;WU Kejun;WU Shilei;YANG Jingyu;YAN Wuxian;DENG Dongzhou(Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Sichuan Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland,Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Wolong National Station of Forest Ecosystem in Positioning Observation and Research,Wenchuan 623006,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Mianyang Teachers'College,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]四川卧龙森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,四川汶川623006 [3]生命科学与技术学院,绵阳师范学院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2024年第5期76-84,共9页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了探究若尔盖草原不同程度沙化地土壤水分有效性并确定其土壤水分植被承载力(SWCCV),选取若尔盖草原极重度沙地、重度沙地、中度沙地和轻度沙地为研究对象,基于野外调查、室内实验和模型模拟等方法,分析了土壤物理性质、持水量、土壤水分有效性并确定SWCCV。结果表明:(1)在0~60 cm土层,极重度沙地土壤容重最大(1.43±0.12 g·cm^(-3)),轻度沙地最小(1.30±0.20 g·cm^(-3)),其中>20~40 cm土层表现为轻度沙地土壤容重与极重度沙地和重度沙地差异显著(P<0.05)。在>0~20 cm、>20~40 cm、>20~40 cm三个土层内,四种沙化草地土壤剖面团聚体整体表现在>0.25~0.5 mm粒级的百分点占比最高,平均分别达到66.72±15.97%、56.28±14.44%和44.67±12.57%,随深度增加表现为降低的变化趋势。极重度沙地和中度沙地>0~20 cm土壤非毛管孔隙度和毛管孔隙度最大(4.68%和46.13),而>20~40 cm、>40~60 cm土层,主要表现为轻度沙地土壤孔隙特性最好,而极重度沙地土壤孔隙特性相对较差。(2)轻度沙地稳定土壤含水量为16.45%估和17.53%测,中度沙地稳定土壤含水量为13.74%估和15.62%测,重度沙地稳定土壤含水量为13.14%估和15.56%测,极重度沙地稳定土壤含水量为9.1%估和13.34%测。(3)轻度沙地土壤水分植被承载力为4 765沙、3 200高、4 507金株·hm^(-2),植被覆盖度为52%。中度沙地为7 668沙、5 255高、6 873金株·hm^(-2),植被覆盖度为76%。重度沙地为6 933沙、4 618高、5 980金株·hm^(-2),植被覆盖度为70%。极重度沙地为5 755沙、3 850高、5 165金株·hm^(-2),植被覆盖度为61%。研究结果为揭示若尔盖沙化草地的植被恢复机理和技术参考提供重要依据。In order to explore the soil water availability and determine the soil water carrying capacity for vegetation(SWCCV)of different desertification degrees grassland in Zoige and provide basis for vegetation restoration of different degraded grasslands in this region,the moving extremely severe sandy land,severe sandy land,moderate sandy land,and mild sandy land in Zoige Steppe were selected as the research objects.Based on field investigation,laboratory experiment and model simulation,the soil physical properties,water holding capacity,soil water availability were analyzed and SWCCV was determined.The results showed that:(1)In the 0~60 cm soil layer,the soil bulk density of extremely heavy sandy land was the largest(1.43±0.12 g·cm^(-3)),and that of mild sandy land was the smallest(1.30±0.20 g·cm^(-3)).In the 20-40 cm soil layer,the soil bulk density of mild sandy land was significantly different from that of extremely heavy sandy land and severe sandy land(P<0.05).In the three soil layers of 0~20 cm,>20~40 cm and>20~40 cm,the aggregate of soil profile of the four kinds of sandy grassland as a whole showed the highest proportion of 0.25 to 0.5 mm grain size,with an average of 66.72±15.97%,56.28±14.44%and 44.67±12.57%,respectively,and it showed a decreasing trend with increasing depth.The non-capillary porosity and capillary porosity of>0~20 cm soil in extremely heavy sand and moderate sand were the largest(4.68%and 46.13),while those in>20~40 cm and>40~60 cm soil layers showed the best soil void characteristics in light sand,while those in extremely heavy sand were relatively poor.(2)The stable soil water content of mild sandy land was estimated at 16.45%and measured at 17.53%,the stable soil water content of moderate sandy land was estimated at 13.74%and measured at 15.62%,the stable soil water content of severe sandy land was estimated at 13.14%and measured at 15.56%,and the stable soil water content of flowing extremely severe sandy land was estimated at 9.1%and measured at 13.34%.(3)The SWCCV in mild sand

关 键 词：草地沙化 土壤有效水 土壤水分植被承载力 若尔盖 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]