三维扫描技术支持下的震后隧道断面变形分析  

Deformation analysis of tunnel section after earthquake based on 3D scanning

作　　者：张邵华 ZHANG Shaohua(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《测绘通报》2024年第9期145-150,共6页Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：中铁一院重大专项(2022KY56(ZDZX)-02;2021KY73ZD(ZDZX)-01);陕西省重点专项(2021GY-266)。

摘　　要：三维激光扫描技术已被广泛应用于隧道变形检测,但存在点云数据量大、断面提取效率低、不同类型的隧道变形检测算法通用性差等问题。本文提出了一种切割隧道断面局部范围点云的快速搜索算法,首先为点云数据建立八叉树索引,降低算法复杂度,简化搜索流程,给定查询点坐标、切割厚度、偏距,定义搜索范围平面多边形,并基于八叉树索引节点多边形相交判断,进行隧道断面的快速定位与提取;然后对隧道设计断面轮廓线进行等分,完成基于激光点云测量的任意形状隧道变形数值计算;最后以受地震影响的兰新客专大梁隧道为例,对扫描设站精度进行统计,完成隧道断面提取与变形检测分析,并给出了不同里程区间的偏移规律,为震后修复设计提供了数据支撑。3D laser scanning technology has been widely used in tunnel deformation detection,but there are some problems such as large amount of point cloud data,low efficiency in section extraction,and poor universality of different types of tunnel deformation detection algorithms.This article proposes a fast search algorithm for cutting local range point clouds of tunnel cross-sections,an octree index is established for point cloud data,and in order to reduce the complexity of the algorithm and simplify the search process,the query point coordinates,cutting thickness,and offset are given to define the range plane polygon of the search area,and it performs intersection detection with the node polygon of octree index to quickly locate and extract tunnel cross-sections.Divide the contour line of the tunnel design section equally and complete the numerical calculation of deformation of any shaped tunnel based on laser point cloud measurement.Finally,taking the Daliang tunnel of the Lanxin Passenger Dedicated Line affected by the earthquake as an example,the setting accuracy of scanning station is statistically analyzed,the extraction of tunnel sections and deformation detection analysis are completed,and the offset patterns of different mileage intervals are provided,providing data support for post earthquake repair design.

关 键 词：断面提取 八叉树索引 平面多边形相交 投影变换 设计断面等分 震后变形检测 

分 类 号：P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]