秦巴山区野生草莓种质资源调查及分类研究  

Investigation and Classification of Wild Strawberry Germplasm Resources in Qinba Mountain Area

作　　者：于海燕 冯嘉玥[1] 文颖强[1] YU Haiyan;FENG Jiayue;WEN Yingqiang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第9期1-9,共9页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探究秦巴山区野生草莓资源种类及分布情况,2021-2022年在甘肃、陕西2省3市7县共选取48个采样点,实地考察收集野生草莓种质资源113份。经细胞学和形态学鉴定,分别属于黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis)、中国草莓(Fragaria chinenesis)和五叶草莓(Fragaria pentaphylla)3个种。中国草莓有红果和粉果2种果色类型,红果是中国草莓主要果色类型,粉果疑似为中国草莓变型种;五叶草莓共5种果色类型,为白果、粉果、橙红色果、红果、青白色果,其中白果类型是五叶草莓的主要类型,其果实大、品质优异、分布广泛。本研究中首次发现五叶草莓橙红色果和青白色果。进一步对秦巴山区野生草莓果实品质测定发现,五叶草莓白果口感偏甜,其余品种偏酸。通过调查研究秦巴山区野生草莓资源及测定其相关品质,对今后利用这些野生资源开展草莓育种提供理论依据。To investigate the species and distribution of wild strawberry resources in the Qinba Mountain ar-ea,a field survey was conducted from 2021 to 2022 across 48 sampling sites in seven counties within three cities of Gansu and Shaanxi provinces.A total of 113 wild strawberry germplasm samples were collected.Based on cy-tological and morphological identification,the samples were classified into three species:Fragaria nilgerrensis,Fragaria chinensis,and Fragaria pentaphylla.F.chinensis exhibited two fruit color types:red and pink.The red fruit was the predominant type,while the pink fruit was suspected to be a variant of F.chinensis.F.pen-taphylla displayed five fruit color types:white,pink,orange-red,red,and greenish-white,with white being the most prevalent type,characterized by large,high-quality,and widely distributed fruits.This study is the first to report the discovery of orange-red and greenish-white fruit types in F.pentaphylla.Further analysis of wild strawberry fruit quality in the Qinba Mountains area revealed that the white fruit of F.pentaphylla has a slightly sweet taste,while the other varieties tend to be slightly sour.This investigation and the subsequent quali-ty assessment of wild strawberry resources provide a theoretical foundation for utilizing these wild resources in fu-ture strawberry breeding programs.

关 键 词：草莓 种质资源 品质 分类鉴定 植物学性状 

分 类 号：S668[农业科学—果树学]