优势物种对内蒙古典型草原营养物质生产的决定性影响  

Dominant species determined forage quantity and quality in a typical Inner Mongolia steppe

作　　者：王若冰 王永慧 赵宏宇 张斌 WANG Ruobing;WANG Yonghui;ZHAO Hongyu;ZHANG Bin(College of Ecology and Environment of Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第9期2012-2024,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0805603);国家自然科学基金(32160274、31971434)。

摘　　要：草地通过提供粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维等营养物质而支撑畜牧业发展,但也受到干旱化的气候及日益增强的放牧和刈割活动的威胁。基于为期3年的内蒙古典型草原草地管理模式和降水量改变控制试验,本研究发现其营养物质生产能力随降水量减少而降低。尽管放牧和刈割的影响弱于降水量,但仍可通过降低群落生产力而降低其营养物质生产能力。此外,羊草(Leymus chinensis)和克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)等优势物种的营养物质含量和群落生产力贡献调控群落营养物质生产能力对降水量和草地管理模式变化的响应。这意味着,干旱化的气候会降低内蒙古典型草原优势物种营养物质供给能力,从而降低群落营养物质生产,威胁畜牧业的可持续发展,而日益增强的放牧和刈割活动会使其进一步恶化。Grasslands are crucial for supporting the development of animal husbandry by providing essential nutrients such as crude protein,crude fat,and neutral and acid detergent fibers.However,grasslands are facing threats from climate aridification and the increasing intensities of grazing and mowing.Based on a 3-year controlled experiment manipulating grassland management practices and precipitation amount in a typical Inner Mongolia grassland,this study showed decreases in the yields of crude protein,crude fat,and neutral and acid detergent fibers with decreasing precipitation.Grazing and mowing showed less pronounced impacts compared to precipitation amount but reduced nutrient yield by lowering community-wide productivity.Dominant species,such as Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii,played a pivotal role in regulating the community’s response to changes in precipitation and grassland management practices by adjusting their nutrient contents and contributions to community-wide productivity,thereby influencing the overall nutrient yield capacity.Our results suggest that climate aridification will decrease forage quantity in the Inner Mongolian typical grassland,thereby reducing the nutrient supply capacity of dominant species and consequently lowering the overall nutrient production of the community.This,in turn,threatens the sustainable development of animal husbandry,a situation that could be further exacerbated by the increasing intensities of grazing and mowing activities.

关 键 词：内蒙古典型草原 气候变化 草地管理模式变化 补偿效应 选择效应 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]