农牧交错带施氮条件下大豆和玉米间作产量及其混合青贮品质  

Yield of soybean and corn intercropping and quality of mixed silage in farming-pastoral ecotones with nitrogen fertilization

作　　者：丁婉[1] 邢宝龙 冯钰[2] DING Wan;XING Baolong;FENG Yu(Cash Crop Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Institute of High Latitude Crops,Shanxi Agricultural University,Datong 037008,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037008

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第9期2133-2142,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-Z5);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600605-07);山西省高等学校科技创新项目资助(2022L076);山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222079);山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202201140601025-3-03);山西农业大学育种工程项目(YZGC075)。

摘　　要：为探讨在农牧交错带施氮量对间作模式下农艺性状、作物产量以及混合青贮品质的影响,本研究以玉米(Zea mays)和大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究主体,采用二因素随机区组设计,主因素设玉米和大豆间作(M2S3)、玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SS)3种种植模式,副因素设0(N_(1))、150(N_(2))和300 kg·hm_(−2)(N_(3))3个施氮水平。结果表明:1)施氮能改变大豆的农艺性状和产量,平均比不施氮鲜草产量增加12.97%~14.79%,大豆间作对株高、底荚高、主茎节数有显著影响(P<0.05)。施氮有利于提高玉米的株高、穗位高、茎粗和产量,间作模式对玉米茎粗和干草产量有显著的影响,对株高和穗位高没有显著影响(P>0.05),减量施氮可以达到常量施氮同样的结果。2)施氮极大地改善了混合青贮的粗蛋白含量,平均比不施氮增加6.36%~6.63%,粗脂肪含量平均比不施氮增加7.11%,对粗灰分和淀粉含量没有产生显著影响,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量在施氮处理下出现下降的趋势,各营养成分在N_(2)处理下达到更好的效果。从农艺性状、产量及营养品质综合分析,推荐间作模式下施氮量为150 kg·hm^(−2)最适宜大豆和玉米对氮素的需求,大豆和玉米混合青贮按4꞉6和2꞉8的比例能够更好地为农牧交错带高产高效栽培和优质饲料提供理论依据。The effect of nitrogen fertilization and its rate of application on the agronomic traits,crop yield,and mixed silage quality of farming-pastoral ecotones that use intercropping has yet to be determined.To address this,maize and soybean intercropping systems were evaluated using a two-factor random block design.Herein,the main factor was maize and soybean intercropping(M2S3),maize monoculture(MM),and soybean monoculture(SS),while the secondary factor was comprised of three nitrogen levels:N_(1)(0 kg·ha^(−1)),N_(2)(150 kg·ha^(−1)),and N_(3)(300 kg·ha^(−1)).Therefore,,nitrogen application was found to change the agronomic traits and yield of soybeans,increasing the fresh yield by 12.97%~14.79%.Soybean intercropping had a significant effect on plant height,bottom pod height,and number of main stem nodes(P<0.05).The application of nitrogen improved plant height,ear height,stem diameter,and the maize yield,while intercropping had a significant impact on stem diameter and yield,but no effect on plant or ear height(P>0.05).Reducing the nitrogen level achieved the same results as constant nitrogen application.Secondly,nitrogen application increased the crude protein content by 6.36%~6.63%and the crude fat content by 7.11%of mixed silage,but had no significant impact on the crude ash or starch content.The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents showed a decreasing trend with nitrogen application,and the nutritional components achieved better results under N_(2)treatment.A comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits,yield,and nutritional components revealed that nitrogen applied at a rate of 150 kg·ha^(−1)under intercropping mode was the most suitable for soybean and corn crops.The results suggest that a ratio of 4꞉6 and 2꞉8 for soybean and corn mixed silage,respectively,would be optimal for high-yield,efficient cultivation,and high-quality feed in farming-pastoral ecotones.

关 键 词：间作 单作 施氮 农艺性状 产量 混合青贮 发酵品质 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学] S513[农业科学—畜牧学] S565.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]