环保型高压真空开关电流开断基础  

Fundamentals of Current Interruption in Environmental Friendly High-voltage Vacuum Switches

作　　者：贾申利 乐小熙 黄小龙 申赛康 苏海博 刘俊翔 王勇 JIA Shenli;LE Xiaoxi;HUANG Xiaolong;SHEN Saikang;SU Haibo;LIU Junxiang;WANG Yong(College of Electrical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China;Electric Power Research Institute,Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau,Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510700,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学电气工程学院,四川成都610065 [2]广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局电力科学研究院,广东广州510700

出　　处：《广东电力》2024年第9期88-101,共14页Guangdong Electric Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点类项目(U23A20652)。

摘　　要：针对“双碳”战略下绿色环保开关设备的发展需求,“真空灭弧+洁净空气”绝缘方案对于开关设备的SF_(6)替代目标而言是一种彻底的解决方案。对于真空开关向更高电压等级发展面临的关键问题进行全面分析,重点阐述真空开关在高电压大电流下的开断问题。基于真空电弧的基础理论,将弧后介质恢复过程分为残余等离子体消散阶段、金属蒸气恢复阶段、金属液滴与熔融触头表面恢复阶段,并对比分析3个阶段下真空灭弧室电极间隙的恢复特性。针对环保型真空开关向更高电压等级发展的需求,总结归纳真空灭弧室在绝缘设计、电弧控制、X射线辐射、载流发热方面的关键问题,阐述洁净空气绝缘在实际应用过程中的难点和解决措施,旨在为252 kV及以上电压等级真空开关的研究与设计提供参考。最后,讨论高压真空开关的研究现状和发展趋势。In response to the development needs of green and environmentally friendly switchgear under the dual-carbon strategy,the vacuum arc extinguishing and clean air insulation solution is a thorough solution for SF_(6)replacement goal of switchgear.This paper comprehensively analyzes the key issues faced by vacuum switches in the development of higher voltage levels,focusing on the breaking problem of vacuum switches under high voltage and high current.Based on the basic theory of vacuum arc,the post-arc dielectric recovery process is divided into the residual plasma dissipation stage,the metal vapor recovery stage,and the metal droplet and molten contact surface recovery stage,and the recovery characteristics of the vacuum arc chamber electrode gap recovery characteristics in the three stages are compared and analyzed.In response to the demand for the development of environmentally friendly vacuum switch towards higher voltage levels,the key issues of vacuum interrupter insulation design,arc control,X-rays radiation,and current-carrying heating are summarized,and the difficulties and solutions of clean air insulation in practical applications are explained,aiming to provide references for the research and design of vacuum switches with voltage levels of 252 kV and above.Finally,the research status and development trend of high-voltage vacuum switches are discussed.

关 键 词：真空开关 电流开断 真空电弧 真空灭弧室 弧后介质恢复过程 真空灭弧室绝缘 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器]