论新《公司法》的股东失权制度  

Deprivation of Shares in China s New Company Law

作　　者：彭冰[1] Peng Bing

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第5期23-36,共14页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：新《公司法》第52条规定了股东失权制度。表面上看,股东失权制度是对未履行出资义务股东的惩罚措施,通过没收股权的威胁迫使其积极履行出资义务,但是它却存在对失权股东的惩罚性不足,甚至可能被某些股东滥用,成为逃避出资义务的工具等问题。同时,这一制度新增其他股东填补出资的义务,即当失权股权不能转让或减资注销时,其他股东负有按比例填补出资的义务。这一新增的股东义务,否定了公司制度中的有限责任,因此未来应当慎用。本文建议在对第52条的解释上进行一定的扩充,以强化对失权股东的惩罚;在适用第52条时,则需要强调董事的信义义务,谨慎适用,防止其成为股东逃避出资义务的渠道。如此才能平衡各方利益,实现强化股东出资责任的立法目的。The new Company Law provides for the shareholders disqualification system in Article 52.The system of deprivation of shares is a punitive measure for shareholders who have not fulfilled their capital contribution obligations,forcing them to actively fulfill their capital contribution obligations through the threat of confiscation of their shares.Such a system suffers from the problem that it is not sufficiently punitive for the shareholders who have lost their shares,and it may even be abused by some shareholders as a tool to evade their capital contribution obligations.At the same time,this system adds the obligation of other shareholders to fill the capital contribution,i.e.,when the defaulting shareholding cannot be transferred or the capital reduction is cancelled,the other shareholders have the obligation to fill the capital contribution proportionally.This new obligation of shareholders directly negates the limited liability in the corporate system and should therefore be used with caution in the future.This paper suggests that in the interpretation of Article 52,it be necessary to carry out certain expansion in order to strengthen the punishment of the shareholders in default,and that in the application of Article 52,it be necessary to emphasize the fiduciary duty of the directors,and to apply it cautiously to prevent it from becoming a channel for the shareholders to evade the obligation of capital contribution.In this way,it can balance the interests of all parties and realize the legislative purpose of strengthening the responsibility of shareholders to make capital contributions.

关 键 词：股东失权 资本充实 出资填补责任 有限责任 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]