让期待可以被期待:新《公司法》下的不公平损害救济  

Making Expectations Expectable:Unfair Prejudice Remedies in China’s New Company Law

作　　者：林少伟 Lin Shaowei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第5期37-55,共19页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会科技项目“智能合约背景下法定数字货币契约之治探究”(KJQN202200309)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：囿于公司治理实践中诸多机制的缺憾,加之传统股东权益保障体系的弊病,中小股东对公司的种种期待在控股股东的损害下已成空中楼阁。我国2023年《公司法》引入不公平损害救济制度,择取了英国法上的精华部分,是解决这一沉疴旧疾的破局之道。但对于该制度的适用,仍需首先在制度体系上洞察其与《公司法》第89条前2款所规定的股权回购情形、《公司法》第21条以及与股东单项、复合性权益救济之间的关系。而为巩固中小股东权益救济的这一司法防线,其规制主体不应拘于控股股东,而应将实际控制人与一般股东也囊括在内,并在损害行为的定性上参考英国普通法对于“不公平”的标准,在损害后果上考虑受损利益的指向与损害的具体构成,最终在救济上以股权回购为主要措施,进一步考虑赋予法院要求控股股东进行股权回购的自由裁量权,以此实现引入不公平损害救济制度的真正目的。Due to the shortcomings of many mechanisms in corporate governance practice,coupled with the drawbacks of the traditional shareholders rights and interests protection system,the expectations of minority shareholders for the companies have become a castle in the air under the damage of controlling shareholders.The introduction of unfair prejudice remedies system in the Company Law(2023 revision)is a breakthrough to cure this disease of the persistent problem by selecting the essential part from the British law system.However,the application of this system still needs to firstly gain an insight into the relationship between the system and the share repurchase as stipulated in the two preceding paragraphs of article 89 of the Company Law,article 21 of the Company Law,as well as the single and composite remedies for shareholders rights and interests.In order to consolidate the judicial defense of minority shareholders rights and interests relief,the subjects of regulations should not be limited to controlling shareholders,but should include the actual controllers and common shareholders,refer to the English common law for the standard of“unfair”on the characterization of damaging behaviors,and consider the specific composition of the damaged interests and prejudice on the damaged consequences.Ultimately,in terms of remedies,the main measure is share repurchase,and further consideration should be given to entitle the courts to the discretion to require controlling shareholders to carry out share repurchase,in order to realize the real purpose of introducing the unfair prejudice remedies system.

关 键 词：股东压制 不公平损害救济 合理期待 控股股东 股权回购 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]