粤港澳大湾区协同立法的现实困境与实践进路  

The Dilemmas and Practical Approaches of Legislative Coordination in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：赵伟英 Zhao Weiying

机构地区：[1]中山大学粤港澳发展研究院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第5期105-119,共15页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“‘一国两制’基础理论创新与制度体系发展研究”(22JJD820033)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2022年后新修订的《地方组织法》和《立法法》未直接界定协同立法的内涵,理论界对此也未有统一认识,这在一定程度上影响了粤港澳大湾区的协同立法实践。在对协同立法进行理论分析后,将协同立法界定为一项立法技术,不涉及立法权限和立法范围的变动,立法主体可在立法权限范围内根据区域协调发展的需要自主开展协同立法。粤港澳大湾区协同立法,可遵循在大湾区内地先行协同立法,再对接港澳特区的分阶推进模式;采取经济特区引领协同、立法经验丰富主体主导协同和省市间错位协同的路径;辅以中央授权为协同基础、区域合作协议为协同机制、示范法为协同蓝本的配套协同措施,探索高水平、多层级的协同立法样态,使协同立法成为调和粤港澳大湾区法治差异、提升粤港澳大湾区法治建设水平的重要抓手。The“Organic Law of Local Congresses and Local People s Governments at Various Levels of the People s Republic of China”and the“Legislation Law of the People s Republic of China”newly revised after 2022 do not directly define the connotation of legislative coordination,and there is no consensus in academia,which has impacted the practice of legislative coordination in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Following a theoretical analysis of legislative coordination,this paper delineates it as a legislative technique that does not entail modifications to legislative authority or scope.Legislative entities can independently engage in legislative coordination within their jurisdictional limits,based on the requirements of coordinated regional development.Legislative coordination in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can adhere to a phased advancement model that initiates legislative coordination in the mainland areas of the Greater Bay Area before aligning with the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao.It can take paths such as leading coordination by special economic zones,dominating coordination by entities with rich legislative experience,and engaging the provincial and municipal governments in complementary coordination.Supported by measures like authorization from the central government as the foundation for coordination,regional cooperation agreements as the coordination mechanism,and model laws as the blueprint for coordination,this approach seeks to explore a high-standard,multi-tiered form of legislative coordination.This endeavor aims to make legislative coordination a vital instrument for reconciling legal disparities within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and for elevating the level of legal governance construction in the region.

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 协同立法 立法技术 协调发展 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D927[政治法律—法学]