我国水库保险制度初探  

Preliminary study on the reservoir insurance system

作　　者：张士辰[1,2] 侯文昂 黄健峰 Zhang Shichen;Hou Wen’ang;Huang Jianfeng

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [2]水利部大坝安全管理中心,南京210029 [3]河海大学,南京210098

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第19期43-51,共9页China Water Resources

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005400);国家自然科学基金(41671504);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Y724007、Y724001)。

摘　　要：水库是支撑水安全保障的重要基础设施,在一定条件下也可能成为造成淹没损失的重大风险源,特别是在近年来极端天气频发强发的背景下,水库的社会风险、经济风险、生态风险备受关注。保险作为对冲经济风险的重要手段,是水库管理手段的重要补充,对保障水库安全具有重要意义。根据我国水库实际特点和运行环境,从水库面临的不确定性和经济损失风险出发,结合水库风险事件“低频高损”、累积性、突发性、相关方多等特点,探讨保险制度在对冲水库风险中的适用性;梳理了国内外有关政策和实践经验,分析当前水库保险存在的主要瓶颈和问题,提出进一步推进水库保险制度的对策建议。研究认为,目前我国水库保险存在缺乏有效制度、费率量算科学性不足、相关方重视程度不足等问题,建议建立财政支持为主的多方参与保险体系,构建水库保险政策制度体系,开展费率厘定科学研究和示范应用,鼓励保险公司参与水库运行管护和应急抢险。Reservoirs are crucial infrastructure for ensuring water security,but they can also become significant sources of flood-related risks under certain conditions,especially amid the increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather events of recent years.The social,economic,and ecological risks associated with reservoirs have garnered significant attention.Insurance,as a vital tool for mitigating economic risks,serves as an important complement to reservoir management and plays a vital role in safeguarding reservoir safety.Based on the unique characteristics and operational environment of reservoirs in China,and considering the uncertainties and potential economic loss risks they face,combined with the characteristics of reservoir risk events,such as“low-frequency,high-impact”,cumulative,sudden,and the the involvement of multiple stakeholders,this study explores the applicability of an insurance system for mitigating reservoir risks.By reviewing relevant policies and practices domestically and internationally,the study identifies the main bottlenecks and issues in current reservoir insurance practices,such as the lack of effective systems,insufficient scientific basis for rate calculation,and limited stakeholder engagement.Recommendations are proposed to further advance the reservoir insurance system,including establishing a multi-stakeholder insurance framework with fiscal support,developing a comprehensive reservoir insurance policy system,conducting scientific research on rate determination and pilot applications,and encouraging insurance companies to participate in reservoir operation,maintenance,and emergency response.

关 键 词：水库大坝 水库保险 风险对冲 安全管理 现代化水库运行管理矩阵 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程] F842.6[经济管理—保险]