电流频率对真空断路器开断能力影响的仿真分析  

Simulation Analysis on Influence of Current Frequency on Breaking Capacity of Vacuum Circuit Breaker

作　　者：丁璨 李凯明 袁召 陈立学 DING Can;LI Kaiming;YUAN Zhao;CHEN Lixue(College of Electrical Engineering&New Energy,China Three Gorges University,Hubei Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Transmission Line Engineering Technology Research Center,China Three Gorges University,Hubei Yichang 443002,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学电气与新能源学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学湖北省输电线路工程技术研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《高压电器》2024年第10期104-109,共6页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52177143)。

摘　　要：随着风电等新能源以及直流电网的发展,断路器开断电流的频率呈现出多样化,要求断路器可以开断高于或者低于50 Hz的电流。针对此问题,文中试图从燃弧过程、磁场调控以及弧后过程3个方面去研究电流频率对真空断路器开断能力的影响。文中首先研究了不同频率下的电弧微观参数分布,发现随着频率的增加,电弧形态越呈现出集聚的现象,触头呈现出局部烧蚀严重的现象,但是由于燃弧时间变短,触头总的烧蚀变小。频率越低,燃弧时间越长,触头则呈现出严重的烧蚀。然后研究了不同频率下常用杯状纵磁触头的磁场分布,发现随着频率的增加,磁场分布越不均匀,对电弧等离子体的扩散作用变小,并且由于燃弧时间的缩短,等离子体更不易扩散。最后通过频率对弧后鞘层生长过程的影响分析发现,频率越大,弧后鞘层生长到满开距越慢,从而降低开断能力。文中得出:低频下的断路器触头整体烧蚀严重,电弧熄弧的时候将产生大量的金属蒸气,金属蒸气的衰减过程将主导断路器的弧后绝缘恢复过程,而高频下的断路器的弧后绝缘恢复过程则由鞘层生长过程主导。With the development of such new energy as wind power as well as DC power grid,the frequency of the breaking current of circuit breaker is diversified,which requires the circuit breaker can break the current higher or lower than 50 Hz.For this problem,the influence of current frequency on the breaking capacity of vacuum circuit breaker is studied from such three aspects as arcing process,magnetic field regulation and post⁃arc process in this pa⁃per.Firstly,the distribution of arc micro parameters at different frequencies is studied.It is found that with the in⁃crease of frequency,the arc configuration presents the phenomenon of agglomeration,and the contact presents the phenomenon of serious local ablation.However,the total ablation of the contact becomes smaller due to the shorter arcing time.The lower the frequency,the longer the arcing time,and the contacts show serious ablation.Then,the magnetic field distribution of cup⁃shaped longitudinal magnetic contacts under different frequencies is studied.It is found that with the increase of frequency,the more uneven the magnetic field distribution is,the less the diffusion ef⁃fect on the arc plasma becomes,and the plasma is more difficult to diffuse due to the shortening of arcing time.Final⁃ly,it is found through the analysis of the influence of frequency on the growth process of back arc sheath that the greater the frequency,the slower the back arc sheath grows to the full opening distance,thus reducing the breaking capacity.It is concluded that the contact of the circuit breaker under low frequency is seriously ablated as a whole,and a large amount of metal vapor will be generated when the arc is extinguished.The attenuation process of metal va⁃por will dominate the post arc insulation recovery process of the circuit breaker,while the post arc insulation recovery process of the circuit breaker under high frequency is dominated by the sheath growth process.

关 键 词：电流频率 真空电弧 触头烧蚀 磁场分布 弧后过程 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器]