中国部分大型牧场产后瘫痪和临床型酮病的发病特征分析  

Analysis of the Epidemiological Characteristics of Milk Feverand Clinical Ketosis in Some Large Dairy Farms in China

作　　者：张宝玲 郭志刚 徐闯 韩博[1] 高健[1] ZHANG Baoling;GUO Zhigang;XU Chuang;HAN Bo;GAO Jian(College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Modern Farming(Group)Corporation,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京海淀100193 [2]现代牧业(集团)有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第10期55-60,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801100);奶牛产后子宫-卵巢功能分级与保健体系技术体系研发(2021BBF02037)。

摘　　要：以奶牛酮病和产后低血钙作为代表的群发性营养代谢病,对我国奶业的生产效益造成了显著影响,为了应对这一挑战,本试验对10个规模化牧场进行了流行病学调查,分析其发病特征。试验于2022年11月—2023年10月收集了我国10个大型牧场(存栏量>4 000头)产后瘫痪和临床型酮病奶牛的发病数据,分析季节性因素和奶牛个体因素(泌乳天数、体况和胎次)与这2种疾病的关系,揭示疾病发生规律。结果显示,秋季是产后瘫痪的高发季节,发病率达到1.87%(400/21 379);临床型酮病则在夏季发病率最高,为0.93%(326/35 010);产后瘫痪的发病高峰集中在泌乳天数1~3 d,而临床型酮病的发病高峰则集中在泌乳天数3~15 d;所调查牧场中,产后瘫痪和临床型酮病奶牛干奶时和分娩时体况评分主要集中在3.25和3.50分(5分制)。5胎以上奶牛2种疾病的发病率均较高。本试验结果不仅为识别和监测高风险牛群、制定针对性的预防措施提供了重要的参考信息,还有助于提高奶牛群的健康水平和生产效率。Metabolic diseases such as ketosis and milk fever significantly impact the production efficiency of the dairy industry in China.To address this challenge,this study conducted an epidemiological survey of 10 large-scale dairy farms to analyze the characteristics of these diseases.Data on milk fever and clinical ketosis in cows were collected from November 2022 to October 2023 from 10 large dairy farms(herd size>4000 cows).The study analyzed the relationship between seasonal factors and individual cow factors(lactation days,body condition,and parity)with these two diseases to reveal patterns of occurrence.The results showed that milk fever had the highest incidence in autumn,with a rate of 1.87%(400/21379);clinical ketosis had the highest incidence in summer,at 0.93%(326/35010).The peak incidence of milk fever occurred between 1 to 3 days of lactation,while the peak incidence of clinical ketosis was between 3 to 15 days of lactation.In the surveyed farms,the body condition scores of cows at dry-off and at calving for both diseases mainly ranged from 3.25 to 3.50(on a 5-point scale).Cows with more than 5 parities had a higher incidence of both diseases.The findings provide important reference information for identifying and monitoring high-risk herds,developing targeted prevention measures,and improving the health and production efficiency of dairy herds.

关 键 词：产后瘫痪 临床型酮病 季节 个体差异 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]