我国奶牛子宫内膜炎发生率、病原谱和主要病原菌耐药特征  

Prevalence,Pathogenic Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Major Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Endometritis in Chinese Dairy Herds

作　　者：曹玥 宋世豪 倪婉仪 赵恪 邓昭举 汪洋[1] 吴聪明[1] 孙城涛 CAO Yue;SONG Shihao;NI Wanyi;ZHAO Ke;DENG Zhaoju;WANG Yang;WU Congming;SUN Chengtao(National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物医学院,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,北京海淀100193

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第10期88-97,共10页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：子宫内膜炎是奶牛养殖过程中的常见疾病,其病原菌种类多样,流行分布呈一定季节性和地域性特征,病原菌耐药特征差别较大。为系统了解我国各地牧场奶牛子宫内膜炎发生率、病原谱和主要病原菌耐药特征,本文梳理了近十年在我国各地区牧场开展的相关研究,结果发现,奶牛子宫内膜炎在我国各地牧场的发生率普遍较高;各地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原谱存在差异,以大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌和芽孢杆菌为主;主要病原菌对青霉素类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类和磺胺类等药物表现出较高的耐药率,对喹诺酮类药物的耐药率相对较低;各地有关奶牛子宫内膜炎病原谱和主要病原菌耐药特征的研究在流行病学设计、疾病诊断、病原菌分离培养和数据统计等层面存在一定的局限性。建议未来加强流行病学调查,并在全国范围内系统开展奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌耐药性监测,为指导临床兽医科学用药和制定我国奶牛子宫内膜炎防控策略提供数据支持。Endometritis is a common disease in dairy farming,with diverse pathogens that exhibit seasonal and regional distribution characteristics.The antibiotic resistance traits of pathogens vary significantly.To systematically understand the prevalence,pathogen spectrum,and antibiotic resistance characteristics of major pathogens causing dairy cow endometritis across Chinese farms,this paper reviews relevant studies conducted in the past decade.The findings reveal a generally high prevalence of endometritis in dairy farms across different regions of China.The pathogen spectrum of dairy cow endometritis varies across regions,with Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus,Streptococcus,and Bacillus being the dominant pathogens.The major pathogens exhibit high resistance to penicillins,tetracyclines,aminoglycosides,and sulfonamides,while resistance to quinolones is relatively lower.The studies on pathogen spectrum and antibiotic resistance characteristics of major pathogens in dairy cow endometritis face certain limitations in terms of epidemiological design,disease diagnosis,pathogen isolation and culture,and data analysis.It is recommended to strengthen epidemiological surveys and systematically conduct nationwide antibiotic resistance monitoring of dairy cow endometritis pathogens to provide data support for guiding clinical veterinary medication and formulating prevention and control strategies for dairy cow endometritis in China.

关 键 词：奶牛 子宫内膜炎 病原谱 耐药性 

分 类 号：S857[农业科学—临床兽医学]