人类股骨头颈处的非测量特征  

Non-metric traits of the human femoral head-neck junction

作　　者：成芷菡 种建荣 孙战伟 杨磊 靖晓亭 王继红 何嘉宁[1,2] CHENG Zhihan;CHONG Jianrong;SUN Zhanwei;YANG Lei;JING Xiaoting;WANG Jihong;HE Jianing(School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Center for the Study of Chinese Archaeology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology,Xian 710109;Datong Municipal Institute of Archaeology,Datong 037000;Beijing Municipal Archaeological Research Institute,Beijing 100009)

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871 [3]陕西省考古研究院,西安710109 [4]大同市考古研究所,大同037007 [5]北京市考古研究院,北京100009

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第3期415-426,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：大同北魏时期出土人骨的生物考古学研究(21-4-15-1400-107);国家社会科学基金项目“人骨遗存压力指征与古人健康状况重建研究”(20BKG035)。

摘　　要：以往研究认为骑马人群股骨头颈处会出现“Poirier’sfacet”这一骨性标志,该特征直译为“波里尔面”,在国内则有时被称为“骑马人小平面”。本文梳理了股骨头颈处前面常见的波里尔面、斑块和艾伦窝三项非测量特征的观察标准,发现这三项特征均表现出显著的性别、年龄和人群差异。其中,波里尔面和斑块常见于男性和中老年个体,艾伦窝多见于女性和青壮年个体。结合髋关节的解剖结构和古代人群的日常活动,可知波里尔面和斑块的出现可能与髋关节活动或髋关节撞击综合征有关,而与骑马、蹲踞等行为关联性不强;艾伦窝则可能是个体生存压力水平较大导致的。本研究综合波里尔面的研究史和形成原因,认为“骑马人小平面”一词不宜继续使用。Various anatomical variations often occur on the anterior aspect of the femoral neck,and some features have been the subject of much research because of their possible relevance to ancient human behavior,such as Poirier’s facet.However,the definition of these non-metric traits and the reasons for their occurrence are controversial.In this paper,we combine the previous studies and practical observation experience to sort out the observation standards for the three common non-metric traits on the anterior femoral head-neck junction,namely,Poirier’s facet,plaque and Allen’s fossa.This paper observed eight groups of femur samples from archaeological sites in northern China dating from the Neolithic Age to the Ming-Qing period,and after statistics on the occurrence rate of each feature,we found that all three features showed significant gender,age,and population differences.Poirier’s facet and plaques were commonly found in males and occurred more frequently in middle-aged and older adults,and Allen’s fossa was more common in females and more prevalent in young adults.Combined with the anatomy of the hip joint and the daily activities of ancient populations,the presence of the Poirier’s facet and plaque may be associated with hip joint activity.Hip extension and external rotation increase the pressure on the iliofemoral ligament and compress the femoral head at the neck.With hip extension,external rotation and flexion,the femoral neck comes into contact with the acetabular rim,creating a pressure area.Femoroacetabular impingement is another possible factor that contributes to the appearance of Poirier’s facet and plaques.The formation of these two traits does not correlate well with behaviors such as riding horse and squatting.Allen’s fossa is different from both the morphological characteristics and the location of appearance of the Poirier’s facet and plaques,with Allen’s fossa appearing as early as childhood,possibly as a result of higher levels of stress in the individual’s survival,but more

关 键 词：波里尔面 骑马人小平面 非测量特征 股骨颈 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学]