中国不同人群的头面部特征及其差异  

Head and facial characteristics and their differences among different peoples in China

作　　者：宇克莉[1] 张兴华[1] 程智[1] 郑连斌[1] YU Keli;ZHANG Xinghua;CHENG Zhi;ZHENG Lianbin(College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第4期574-585,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830062);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460270,31671245,31771329,32071185,32071183);科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111700)。

摘　　要：头面部的测量指标是生物人类学研究的重要内容,目前缺少中国人群齐全的头面部测量指标大数据的比较研究。本文根据近年来采集到的中国62个人群(53个民族)及外国人群的头面部指标数据,进行主成分分析,探讨中国人群之间头面部特征的差异与共性,分析中国人与外国人群头面部特征的不同之处。研究发现,中国人群头面部特征分为北方类型和南方类型,北方少数民族人面较高、耳较长、鼻较高、上唇皮肤部较高,南方少数民族面较低、耳较短、鼻较低、上唇皮肤部较低,汉族介于二者之间。与外国人群相比,中国人耳较长,鼻较狭,面较宽。中国人的头面部形态与尼格罗人种差距较大,相对接近于高加索人种。Head and face parameters are an important part of biological anthropology research.At present,there is a lack of comparative study of large data of head and face parameters in Chinese population.Based on the head and face data of 62 Chinese ethnic groups(53 nationalities)and foreign ethnic groups collected in recent years,this paper conducts principal component analysis to explore the differences and commonalities of head and face characteristics between Chinese populations,and analyzes the differences of head and face characteristics between Chinese and foreign people.The study found that the head and face characteristics of the Chinese population are divided into northern and southern types.The northern minorities have higher faces,longer ears,higher noses and higher upper lip skins.The southern minorities have lower faces,shorter ears,lower noses and lower upper lip skins.The Han nationality is between the two.In the principal component analysis diagram,the loci of 8 Han ethnic groups are scattered among each other.The Han ethnic groups of the south and north do not form their own dense areas.Compared with foreign people,Chinese people have longer ears,narrower noses and wider faces.The head and face morphology of Chinese people is quite different from that of Negro people,which is relatively close to that of Caucasian people.The ethnic group sites with male and female as the main scattered point plots all form dense areas.The seven Han ethnic group sites all enter the loci dense area,interweaving with the minority sites,and there is no relatively independent Han ethnic group dense area.All these show that there is an obvious fusion process in the development and evolution of the Chinese ethnic groups.The East Asian region where the Chinese live is bordered by the sea in the east and south,by the Gobi in the north,by the mountains in the west,and by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the southwest.The geographical environment is relatively closed,which limits the communication and integrat

关 键 词：北方少数民族 南方少数民族 汉族 头面部 活体测量 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]