中国汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族的牙齿形态  

Teeth morphology of Han,Hui,Mongolia,Miao and Uyghur peoples in China

作　　者：祝海歌 乔辉 杨晨[1] 管海娟[1] 张航 文少卿 夏斌[2] 谭婧泽[1] ZHU Haige;QIAO Hui;YANG Chen;GUAN Haijuan;ZHANG Hang;WEN Shaoqing;XIA Bin;TAN Jingze(Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology of Ministry of Education,Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438;Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,National Center of Stomatology,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室,科技考古研究院,上海200438 [2]北京大学口腔医学院儿童口腔科,国家口腔医学中心,北京100081

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第4期613-628,共16页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271186)。

摘　　要：研究表明牙齿形态特征具有高度遗传性,在不同群体中存在明显差异。本研究针对中国汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族5个人群的牙齿形态特征,进行侧别、性别、年龄等检验,并对这5个人群与其他中国人群及日本、东北亚、东南亚、欧洲、非洲等地区人群进行多元统计分析。研究结果显示,5个人群的多数牙齿特征未见侧别和性别差异,多数牙齿特征与年龄无显著相关性。汉族、维吾尔族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率较高及Y型沟纹出现率偏低与东北亚人群相似;苗族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率也偏高;蒙古族、回族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率较低与东南亚人群相似;维吾尔族的四尖型出现率较高与欧洲人群相似。多元统计分析结果证实蒙古人种牙齿复合体及巽他型齿、中国型齿是客观存在的。Studies showed that the dental morphological traits are mostly controlled by multiple genes,and environmental factors have a relatively small impact on them.Therefore,there are significant distribution differences in different geographical or ethnic groups.The formation of these differences is closely related to the origin and evolution of populations or ethnic groups in different regions,as well as the communication and integration between populations.It is of great significance for revealing the origin and evolution of populations and the relationships between populations.In this study,26 dental morphological traits of Han Chinese,Hui,Mongolian,Miao,and Uyghur populations were analyzed.We conducted the side consistency analysis,gender difference analysis,correlation analysis between traits and ageto explore the characteristics of dental morphological traits in five populations.Based on the population frequency data,the dental morphological traits of the five populations were compared with other Chinese populations,Japanese populations,Northeast Asia populations,Southeast Asia populations,European populations and African populations by multivariate statistical analysis.We explored the group relationships between five Chinese populations and global populations,as well as the dental morphological traits of the five populations.Our results showed that there was no difference between left and right sides in most dental morphological traits of the five populations,no gender difference in all traits,most dental traits showed no significant correlation with age.Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that results confirmed that there objectively exist two types of dental features called Sundadonty and Sinodonty.The Han Chinese in Taizhou belongs to Northeast Asia populations,and has a high frequency of Shoveling and Double Shoveling.The Miao in Guizhou is located between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia populations,and the incidence of Shoveling is relatively high.The Mongolian in Inner Mongolia and Hui in Ningxia

关 键 词：牙齿形态 特征 人类学 汉族 少数民族 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]