不同细胞来源外泌体miRNAs在胃癌进展及诊断和预后中的作用  

Role of different cell-derived exosomal miRNAs in progression,diagnosis,and prognosis of gastric cancer

作　　者：王磊[1] 王白燕[1] 周春光 任晓云 代月优 冯书营 Wang Lei;Wang Baiyan;Zhou Chunguang;Ren Xiaoyun;Dai Yueyou;Feng Shuying(Medical College,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan Province,China;Henan Engineering Research Center for Chinese Medicine Foods for Special Medical Purpose,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学医学院,河南省郑州市450046 [2]河南省中医药特医食品工程研究中心,河南省郑州市450046

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第25期5434-5442,共9页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102310541),项目负责人:王白燕;河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A310016),项目负责人:王白燕;中国博士后科学基金(2023M731023);河南中医药大学仲景骨干学者科研启动基金(0104311-2021),项目负责人:冯书营。

摘　　要：背景:肿瘤微环境可通过多种途径参与胃癌的发生发展并促进胃癌化疗耐药,其中外泌体miRNAs介导的肿瘤微环境串话可诱导基质重编程,参与肿瘤异质性,并形成有利于肿瘤增殖、迁移、侵袭、免疫逃逸和化疗耐药的微环境。目的:对近年来外泌体miRNAs在胃癌微环境中的作用机制及其在胃癌诊断及预后评估中的应用进展作一综述。方法:以“Exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer,angiogenesis,apoptosis,proliferation,migration,autophagy,invasion,immune response,chemotherapy resistance,biomarker”为英文检索词和“外泌体miRNAs,胃癌”为中文检索词分别检索PubMed及中国知网数据库。检索时限为2017-2024年。通过阅读文题及摘要进行初步筛选,排除研究内容相关性差及内容重复的文献,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳探讨。结果与结论:①外泌体作为细胞间信息交流的重要载体,可携带miRNA等多种信息物质,通过激活靶细胞上的细胞表面受体、与受体细胞质膜融合及内吞作用3种途径实现细胞间信号传递。②外泌体miRNAs通过调节胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬、血管形成、侵袭转移、免疫应答以及耐药性的形成等多种途径,进而在胃癌进展中发挥着重要作用。③miRNA与靶mRNA相互作用及其调控网络广泛存在于肿瘤发生和人类癌症发展中,不同类型外泌体miRNAs对调控胃癌细胞凋亡具有不同的作用,鉴别不同外泌体miRNAs对胃癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白及通路的影响,合理运用其诱导剂或抑制剂可对胃癌细胞凋亡水平进行调控。④不同细胞来源的外泌体miRNAs通过将M1极化型巨噬细胞诱导为M2型,在肿瘤微环境的建立、血管生成、免疫应答及化疗耐药中扮演重要角色。⑤外泌体miRNAs广泛稳定存在于血液及其他体液中,其在胃癌患者中的差异性表达可作为胃癌患者诊断、预后及治疗依据。目前作为生物标志物研究较多的外泌体miRNAs包BACKGROUND:Tumor microenvironment can participate in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and promote chemotherapy resistance in various ways.Among them,the tumor microenvironment crosstalk mediated by exosomal miRNAs can induce matrix reprogramming,participate in tumor heterogeneity,and form a microenvironment conducive to tumor proliferation,migration,invasion,immune escape,and chemotherapy resistance.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of action of exosomal miRNAs in the microenvironment of gastric cancer and its application in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of gastric cancer in recent years.METHODS:“Exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer,angiogenesis,apoptosis,proliferation,migration,autophagy,invasion,immune response,chemotherapy resistance,biomarker”for English search terms and“exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer”for Chinese search terms were searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The search period was from 2017 to 2024.After preliminary screening by reading the title and abstract,the articles with poor correlation and repeated content were excluded,and 77 articles were finally included for induction and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exosomes,as important carriers of intercellular information exchange,can carry a variety of information substances such as miRNA,and realize intercellular signal transmission through three ways:activation of cell surface receptors on target cells,fusion with the plasma membrane of recipient cells,and endocytosis.(2)Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy,angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis,immune response,and the formation of drug resistance of gastric cancer cells.(3)The interaction between miRNAs and target mRNA and its regulatory network are widely found in tumorigenesis and human cancer development.Different types of exosomal miRNAs have different effects on the regulation of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells,and the effects of different exosomal miRNAs on apoptosis r

关 键 词：胃癌 肿瘤微环境 外泌体miRNAs 血管生成 免疫应答 自噬 耐药 诊疗 预后 生物标记物 

分 类 号：R452[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R735.2