基于二维有偏距离插值的双层嵌入可逆信息隐藏算法  

Two-level embedding reversible data hiding algorithm based on two-dimensional biased distance interpolation

作　　者：郭媛 晁恒 GUO Yuan;CHAO Heng(School of Computer Science and Technology,Heilongjiang University,Harbin,Heilongjiang150000,China;School of Computer and Control Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161003,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学计算机科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [2]齐齐哈尔大学计算机与控制工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161003

出　　处：《燕山大学学报》2024年第5期428-436,共9页Journal of Yanshan University

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2021F056)。

摘　　要：针对目前可逆信息隐藏技术存在载密图像嵌入率与失真度无法兼顾的问题,提出一种基于二维有偏距离插值的双层嵌入可逆信息隐藏方案。第一层嵌入将图像像素按棋盘式划分为两组,采用改进的全向梯度参数结合二维有偏距离插值算法,用其中一组像素预测另一组像素,再按照预测误差扩展方式嵌入秘密信息。第二层嵌入将剩余一组像素作为目标像素,再进行预测和嵌入,进一步提高嵌入率。本文从算法可逆性、预测精度、嵌入容量和载密图像失真度等多方面进行实验分析,结果表明,双层嵌入恢复后图像峰值信噪比为∞,不同种类隐藏图像像素和恢复图像像素均方误差均为0,表明算法可实现完全可逆隐藏;对不同种类载体图像进行测试,测试图像平均预测误差绝对值小于4的比例为79%,表明算法预测精度高;嵌入率对比实验表明,与其他算法相比,本算法均为最高,且双层嵌入较单层嵌入率平均提升30%以上,充分利用了像素冗余性;嵌入率为0.7 bit/pixel时,本算法载密图像和原始图像的峰值信噪比平均为39.854 dB,高于同类算法3~5 dB,表明载密图像失真度更低。本文还对阈值与嵌入率、结构相似性与嵌入率之间的关联进行分析和对比实验,深入探讨了高嵌入率的获得条件。本算法可较好解决载密图像嵌入率和嵌入失真不平衡的矛盾,综合性能更优。A double-layer embedding reversible information hiding scheme based on prediction error extension is proposed to address the issue of the inability to balance the embedding rate and distortion of encrypted images in current reversible information hiding technologies.An improved omnidirectional gradient parameter combined with a two-dimensional biased distance interpolation algorithm is used to divide the image pixels into two groups in a chessboard manner by the first layer of embedding.One group of pixels is used to predict the other group of pixels,and then secret information is embedded according to the prediction error expansion method.The second layer of embedding takes the remaining set of pixels as the target pixels,and then performs prediction and embedding to further improve the embedding rate.Experimental analysis from multiple aspects such as algorithm reversibility,prediction accuracy,embedding capacity,and carrier image distortion is conducted in this paper.The results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the restored image after double-layer embedding is oo,and the mean square error of different types of hidden image pixels and restored image pixels is ∞ ,indicating that the algorithm can achieve completely reversible hiding.Testing different types of carrier images showed that 79% of the tested images had an average prediction error of less than 4,indicating high prediction accuracy of the algorithm.The comparison experiment of embedding rate shows that compared with other algorithms,this algorithm has the highest embedding rate,and the average improvement of double-layer embedding rate is more than 30% compared to single-layer embedding,fully utilizing pixel redundancy.When the embedding rate is 0.7 bit/pixel,the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the encrypted image and the original image in this algorithm is 39.854 dB,which is 3-5 dB higher than similar algorithms,indicating lower distortion of the encrypted image.This article also conducts analysis and comparative experiments on the

关 键 词：可逆信息隐藏 预测误差扩展 二维有偏距离插值 全向梯度 双层嵌入 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]