以碳酸钾为原料制备碳酸锂晶体团聚现象及调控方法的研究  

Study on agglomeration phenomenon and regulation method of lithium carbonate crystal prepared from potassium carbonate

作　　者：成春春[1] 李玉龙[2,3,4] 张志强 左硕[1] 覃冬兰 周娜 王佳琴 CHENG Chunchun;LI Yulong;ZHANG Zhiqiang;ZUO Shuo;QIN Donglan;ZHOU Na;WANG Jiaqin(College of Chemical engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Geological Survey Institute,Xining 810012,China;Key Laboratory of the Northern QinghaiTibet Plateau Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Xining 810012,China;Engineering and Technology Center of Remote Sensing Big Data in Qinghai Province,Xining 810012,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学化工学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省地质调查院,青海西宁810012 [3]青藏高原北部地质过程与矿产资源重点实验室,青海西宁810012 [4]青海省遥感大数据工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810012

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2024年第10期47-54,共8页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2023-ZJ-712);国家自然科学基金项目(21968026)。

摘　　要：以氯化锂与碳酸钾为原料进行反应结晶制备碳酸锂,以提高碳酸锂收率、降低其钾含量及获得良好粒径分布为目标,考察反应温度、搅拌转速、晶种加入量及晶种加入的粒径大小对实验的影响。实验结果表明,氯化锂与碳酸钾反应结晶存在着明显的晶体团聚现象,反应温度不同,对晶体形貌有显著影响,低温下晶体呈片状团聚体,较高温度下晶体呈棒状团聚体。剪切力的增加可以减小团聚体尺寸,晶种的加入有利于抑制爆发成核,减轻晶体团聚和黏壁现象。实验结果表明,在反应温度为85℃、搅拌转速为400 r/min、氯化锂浓度为3.2 mol/L、晶种加入量为3.0 g/L、晶种粒径控制在小于54μm、超声功率为100 W、超声时间为150 min条件下,获得的碳酸锂收率高、晶体不易发生聚结、钾含量较低且拥有较好的粒径分布。以碳酸钾为原料制备的碳酸锂与以碳酸钠为原料制备的碳酸锂收率相当,但杂质含量有一定的降低。且在反应结晶过程中加入超声后可有效避免出现大团聚体,在保证碳酸锂收率无明显降低的情况下,钾含量明显降低。通过研究获得的实验条件可以为碳酸锂生产调整工艺参数提供依据,并为产品质量的提高提供指导。Lithium carbonate was prepared by reaction crystallization using lithium chloride and potassium carbonate as raw materials.The experimental conditions such as reaction temperature,stirring speed,seed addition amount,and seed particle size were investigated with the aim of improving the yield of lithium carbonate,reducing its potassium content,and obtaining a good particle size distribution.The experiment showed that there was a significant crystal agglomeration phenomenon in the reaction crystallization of lithium chloride and potassium carbonate.Different reaction temperatures had a significant impact on the crystal morphology,with crystals showing flake-like agglomerates at low temperatures and rod-like agglomerates at higher temperatures.The increase of shear force could reduce the size of agglomerates,and the addition of seed crystals was beneficial to suppress explosive nucleation,reduced crystal agglomeration and wall sticking.The experimental results showed that when the reaction temperature was 85℃,the stirrer speed was 400 r/min,the lithium chloride concentration was 3.2 mol/L,the seed addition amount was 3.0 g/L,the seed particle size was controlled to be less than 54μm,and the ultrasonic power was 100 W for 150 min,the yield of lithium carbonate was high,the crystals were not prone to coalescence,the potassium content was low,and the particle size distribution was good.The yield of lithium carbonate prepared using potassium carbonate as raw material was comparable to that prepared using sodium carbonate as raw material,but the impurity content was reduced to some extent.Adding ultrasound during the reaction crystallization process could effectively avoid the formation of large agglomerates,and the potassium content was significantly reduced while ensuring the yield of lithium carbonate was not significantly reduced.The experimental conditions obtained through the study could provide a basis for adjusting process parameters in the production of lithium carbonate,and provide guidance for improving pro

关 键 词：碳酸锂 晶体 团聚 晶种 超声 

分 类 号：TQ131.11[化学工程—无机化工]