石油天然气工业微生物腐蚀的标准化现状  

Status of Standardization of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Oil and Gas Industry

作　　者：袁军涛 李倩 冯文昊 张慧慧[5] 李轩鹏 徐婷 谭凤玲 付安庆 YUAN Juntao;LI Qian;FENG Wenhao;ZHANG Huihui;LI Xuanpeng;XU Ting;TAN Fengling;FU Anqing(CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710077,China;State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710077,China;China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute,Beijing 100730,China;Shaanxi Jiuzhou Petroleum Engineering Technical Service Co.Ltd.,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710075,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi′an Universit)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团工程材料研究院有限公司,陕西西安710077 [2]油气钻采输送装备全国重点实验室,陕西西安710077 [3]冶金工业信息标准研究院,北京100730 [4]陕西九州石油工程技术服务有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [5]西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《石油管材与仪器》2024年第5期6-12,18,共8页Petroleum Tubular Goods & Instruments

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“油气能源产业链关键国际标准研制-油气能源勘探开发领域国际标准化研究”(编号:2022YFF0609700-2022YFF0609701);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“石油工程基础材料、基础元器件研究”课题2“极端环境用耐蚀材料研发及作用机理研究”(编号:2023ZZ11-02)。

摘　　要：在油气田注水、水力压裂、油气集输与污水处理中,微生物腐蚀已经成为导致石油管材和设备腐蚀失效的主要原因之一。与常见的CO_(2)、H_(2)S和O_(2)等所造成的电化学腐蚀相比,微生物腐蚀具有独特性,它涉及到微生物的生命活动或代谢产物与金属的相互作用。从微生物来源、微生物腐蚀失效和微生物腐蚀标准化3个方面系统综述了石油天然气工业中微生物腐蚀的标准化现状。现有的微生物分析和杀菌剂评价方法和传统的腐蚀试验方法已然不能满足油气行业中微生物腐蚀控制的需求。在微生物及其生物作用的精准识别、微生物腐蚀试验流程的统一和杀菌剂对生物膜的使用效能评价方面存在较多问题。因此,建立微生物腐蚀失效分析程序和微生物腐蚀试验方法、开发微生物腐蚀控制用杀菌剂产品及其效能评价方法是石油天然气工业微生物腐蚀标准化的主要研究方向。Microbiologically influenced corrosion has become one of the main causes of corrosion failure of pipes and equipment in scenarios including water injection,hydraulic fracturing,oil and gas gathering and transportation and wastewater treatment systems in oil and gas industry.Compared with the common electrochemical corrosion caused by CO_(2),H_(2)S,O_(2),etc.,microbiologically influenced corrosion has its uniqueness,which involves the interaction of microorganisms′ own life activities or metabolites with metals.This paper systematically reviews the standardization status of microbiologically influenced corrosion in the oil and gas industry from perspectives of microbial source,microbial corrosion failure and microbial corrosion standardization.Existing microbial analysis and biocide evaluation methods and traditional corrosion test methods can no longer meet the needs of microbial corrosion control in the oil and gas industry.Problems in the accurate identification of microorganisms and their biological effects,the unification of microbial corrosion test procedures,and the evaluation of the effectiveness of biocides on biofilms are particularly prominent.Therefore,establishment of microbial corrosion failure diagnosis process and microbial corrosion test methods,development of biocide products for microbial corrosion control and corresponding effectiveness evaluation methods are main research directions of microbial corrosion standardization in the oil and gas industry.

关 键 词：微生物腐蚀 标准化 杀菌剂 失效分析 石油天然气工业 

分 类 号：TE980[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]