型塑双重组织格局:跨行政区划司法管辖制度改革的反思与构造  

Forming a Dual Organizational Structure Reflection and Construction on the Reform of Judicial Jurisdiction System across Administrative Regions

作　　者：杨奕 Yang Yi

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院中国应用法学研究所

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第5期1344-1362,共19页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国跨行政区划人民法院设置及案件管辖问题研究”(项目编号:18BFX061)的研究成果。

摘　　要：司法管辖与行政区划相重合是普通法院的基本设置模式。法院的人财物归地方管理,容易受到地方保护主义干扰。如何深化与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度改革,在理论上存在全面重构与分类分层深化两种模式。全面重构模式是对各类与行政区划相分离的案件管辖情况作系统性调整,打破目前集中管辖模式的划分,推动重新建立跨行政区划法院组织体系。分类分层深化模式是在保持目前与行政区划相分离的四种管辖类型基础上进行渐进改革。这一模式聚焦于调整专门法院的跨行政区划管辖,规范普通地方法院集中管辖,健全铁路运输法院集中管辖,深化跨行政区划法院改革试点。这有助于实现重点突破和整体推进相统一,形成打破诉讼“主客场”现象的新型司法管辖模式,构造跨行政区划法院与普通法院协同的法院双重组织格局。Judicial jurisdiction often overlaps with administrative divisions in ordinary court settings,where courts personnel,finances,and resources are managed locally,leading to potential local protec-tionism interference.To reform the judicial jurisdiction system by appropriately separating it from ad-ministrative divisions,two theoretical models exist:comprehensive restructuring and categorical deepe-ning.The comprehensive restructuring model involves systematic adjustments to cases separated from administrative divisions,breaking the current concentration jurisdiction model and promoting the estab-lishment of a cross-administrative court organization system.The categorical deepening model,on the other hand,advocates for gradual reform based on the four existing types of jurisdiction separated from administrative divisions.This model focuses on adjusting cross-administrative jurisdiction in specialized courts,standardizing concentrated jurisdiction in ordinary local courts,improving concentrated jurisdic-tion in railway transport courts,and deepening pilot reforms in cross-administrative courts.This ap-proach aims to achieve a balance between key breakthroughs and overall advancement,creating a new ju-dicial jurisdiction model that addresses the“home and away”litigation issue and constructs a dual organi-zational pattern of cross-administrative courts and ordinary courts working in coordination.

关 键 词：双重组织格局 司法管辖 行政区划法院 专门法院 跨行政区划法院 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]