董事外部责任条款的规范解构  

Normative Analysis and Reconstruction of Directors'External Liability Clause

作　　者：王琦 WANG Qi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第5期37-54,共18页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“国际商事调解协议的可执行性研究”(22SFB4016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：董事外部责任条款是强化董事责任约束和债权人利益保护的公司法特殊机制。新《公司法》第191条作为董事外部责任的一般性条款,系以信义义务的扩张或转换理论作为理论依据,即公司陷于资不抵债状态时,董事承担信义义务的对象扩张或转移于公司债权人,董事必须为全体债权人的共同利益管理公司资产。董事职务行为可以分为对内管理行为与对外代理行为,董事对内实施不当管理行为导致债权人无法充分受偿,属于《公司法》第191条的规制范畴;董事对外实施代理行为损害第三人利益,属于《民法典》第1191条第1款的调整范围。债权人直接要求董事承担赔偿责任的前提是公司陷于资不抵债状态,此时董事对外承担责任的形式应为补充责任。The external liability clause of directors is a special mechanism of the Corporation Law to strengthen the constraint of directors'liability and the protection of creditors'interests.Article 191 of the new Corporation Law,as a general provision of directors'external liability,is based on the theory of ex-pansion or conversion of fiduciary duty,that is,when the corporation is insolvent,the object of directors'fiduciary duty is expanded or transferred to the creditors of the corporation,and the directors must manage the corporation's assets for the common interests of all creditors.The director's duty behav-ior can be divided into internal management behavior and external agency behavior.The creditor cannot be fully compensated due to the director's internal mismanagement,which belongs to the scope of regula-tion in Article 191 of the Corporation Law.If the director's external agency behaviors harm the interests of a third party,which belongs to the adjustment scope of paragraph 1,Article 1191 of the Civil Code.The premise that the creditor directly requires the directors to bear the compensation liability is that the corporation is in a state of insolvency,so the form of external liability of the directors should be supple-mentary liability.

关 键 词：董事外部责任 信义义务 补充责任 公司法修订 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]