个人破产时代参与分配制度的守正与变革  

Adherence and Transformation of the Participation Distribution System in the Era of Personal Bankruptcy

作　　者：谢妮轩 XIE Ni-xuan

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第5期146-160,共15页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“民事执行法典化背景下对债权的执行制度研究”(20CFX030);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“参与分配的主体资格研究”(YWF-20-BJ-W-129)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现行法下参与分配制度旨在弥补有限破产主义的立法缺陷。随着我国个人破产立法的推进,参与分配程序将与破产程序存在制度功能上的重合。考虑到多个债权人利用同一执行程序就同一债务人的财产受偿的客观需求,参与分配制度仍有必要保留,但其功能应当转变为解决金钱债权执行竞合问题。不论是域外的个别式执行模式,还是我国的总括式执行模式,执行机关均以单个执行标的为单位采取执行措施。对此,参与分配的适用条件应当变革为单个执行标的不足以清偿全部债务,以此充分发挥执行效益,实现案件的合并执行。一般破产主义并不必然与优先主义搭配,个人破产时代我国参与分配模式应当坚守平等主义,并通过优化制度细节来促进执行效率。The participatory distribution system addresses the legislative deficiencies of limited bankruptcy principles.As personal bankruptcy legislation progresses in China,participatory distribution will overlap with bankruptcy procedures.Despite this,the system remains necessary to meet the objec-tive need for multiple creditors to be compensated from a single debtor's assets through the same enforce-ment procedure.Its function,however,should shift to resolving competing monetary claims in enforce-ment.Both the individual enforcement model abroad and China's collective enforcement model implement measures based on single enforcement targets.Thus,the conditions for participatory distribution should be revised to apply when a single enforcement target is insufficient to satisfy all debts,enhancing en-forcement efficiency and facilitating case consolidation.General bankruptcy principles do not inherently pair with prioritization.In the personal bankruptcy era,China's participatory distribution model should maintain egalitarian principles and optimize institutional details to improve enforcement efficiency.

关 键 词：个人破产 参与分配 一般破产主义 平等主义 金钱债权执行 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]