东方大苇莺对大杜鹃雏鸟的识别与育雏分配  

Nestling Discrimination and Provisioning Allocation to Cuculuscanorus by Acrocephalus Orientalis

作　　者：李东来[1] 于秋阳 孙娇 Hosts LI Dong-lai;YU Qiu-yang;SUN Jiao(College of Life Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期243-248,共6页Journal of Liaoning University：Natural Sciences Edition

摘　　要：鸟类具有多种亲子识别机制(如鸣声识别、表型特征、巢位置),并影响其育雏策略.然而,在巢寄生鸟类中,大杜鹃的宿主普遍缺乏对雏鸟的识别.其中一种观点认为是大杜鹃雏鸟把宿主卵(或雏鸟)拱出巢外,宿主亲鸟缺乏表型对比,导致宿主表现出识别错误,无法识别寄生鸟类.本研究选用大杜鹃的一种主要宿主—东方大苇莺为实验对象,通过双巢实验来验证东方大苇莺对大杜鹃雏鸟的识别机制和育雏策略.2014—2016年,在辽河口国家级自然保护区对26个东方大苇莺巢进行了实验.研究发现,东方大苇莺缺乏对自然寄生和人工转移大杜鹃雏鸟的识别,对大杜鹃和东方大苇莺的育雏比例无明显偏差.另外,宿主巢的寄生状态没有影响东方大苇莺亲鸟对大杜鹃雏鸟育雏分配,而雏鸟所在巢位置(t=1.314,P=0.039)对亲鸟育雏分配有显著影响.在原巢的大杜鹃雏鸟被喂养的比例明显高于新加巢,表明东方大苇莺更倾向对原巢的雏鸟进行抚育,巢位置是鸟类进行亲代抚育的重要线索.Birds have multiple kin discrimination mechanisms for recognizing their offspring(e.g.,begging calls,phenotypic characteristics,nest location),which ultimate influences their parental care strategies.However,in brood parasitic birds,there is a general lack of nestling discrimination by hosts of Cuculuscanorus.One point of view is that the nestlings of Cuculuscanorus arched the host eggs(or nestlings)out of the nest,and the host parent birds lacked phenotypic contrast,which led to the host performance recognition error,unable to identify parasitic birds.In this study,a major host of the Cuculuscanorus,the Acrocephalus orientalis,was used as the subject of experiments to verify the nestling recognition and parental provisioning strategies of the Acrocephalus orientalis.Dring 2014 to 2016,experimental manipulations were conducted on 26 Acrocephalus orientalis nests in the Liaohekou National Nature Reserve.Our results showed that the Acrocephalus orientalis lacked the ability to recognize both natural and artificially transferred Cuculuscanorus chicks and showed no significant difference in their chick-rearing ratios for both the Cuculuscanorus and the Acrocephalus orientalis chicks.Furthermore,the parasitic status of the nest did not affect the allocation of parental care by the Acrocephalus orientalis to Cuculuscanorus chicks.However,we found the nest locationi(t=1.314,P=0.039)had a significant effect on parental provisioning allocation rate.The proportion of feeding to the Cuculuscanorus chicks in the original nest was significantly higher than that in the newly-added nest,indicating that the Acrocephalus orientalis tended provisioning more prey to the chicks in the original nest,which suggests that nest location is an important cue for birds to adjust their parental care.

关 键 词：巢寄生 大杜鹃 雏鸟识别 亲代抚育 育雏策略 

分 类 号：Q954.3[生物学—动物学]