用于盐湖中镁锂分离的荷电纳滤膜的研究进展  

Research Progress on Charged Nanofiltration Membranes for Separation of Magnesium and Lithium in Salt Lakes

作　　者：潘向萍 周薇薇 平兆艳 孙志梅 PAN Xiang-ping;ZHOU Wei-wei;PING Zhao-yan;SUN Zhi-mei(School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Huainan Normal University,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院化学与材料工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期272-281,共10页Journal of Liaoning University：Natural Sciences Edition

摘　　要：近年来,以锂离子二次电池为动力的新能源电动车发展迅速,锂需求的高速增长表明锂资源已经成为我国发展的重要资源.我国盐湖中锂资源储量丰富,但是由于较高镁/锂(Mg^(2+)/Li^(+))质量比造成我国的盐湖提锂难度巨大.纳滤(NF)是一种新兴的低压驱动型膜分离技术,对多价离子有一定的截留作用,仅允许单价离子和水分子通过,可用于Mg^(2+)/Li+的分离.本文综述了用于Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)分离的表面荷负电、正电NF膜制备工艺的研究进展.本文认为,商用NF膜和表面荷负电的复合NF膜对Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)分离有一定的可操作性,但NF膜表面荷负电不利于Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)分离;表面荷正电NF膜从盐湖中提取锂具有环保、经济、高效等优势,可通过调控NF膜的结构及性能参数来高效分离Mg^(2+)/Li^(+).未来需要降低NF膜中聚酰胺层的厚度,侧重中间层和下表面层荷负电时对Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)分离效果等方面研究投入.期待本文能为从盐湖中提取锂的研究提供有价值的参考.In recent years,new energy electric vehicles powered by lithium secondary batteries have developed rapidly,and the rapid growth of lithium demand indicates that lithium resources have become an important strategic resource for China’s development.Lithium resources are abundant in salt lakes in China,but the high mass ratio of magnesium/lithium makes it difficult to extract lithium from salt lakes.Nanofiltration(NF)is an emerging low-pressure driven membrane separation technology that has a certain interception effect on multivalent ions,allowing only monovalent ions and water molecules to pass through,and can be used for the separation of Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+).This article reviews the research progress on the preparation process of negatively charged and positively charged NF membranes for Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+)separation.It is believed that commercial NF membranes and negative NF composite membranes have certain operability for Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+)separation,but negative charge on the surface of NF membranes are not conducive to Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+)separation.In addition,the extraction of lithium from salt lakes using positive NF membranes on the surface has advantages such as environmental protection,economy,and efficiency.Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+)can be efficiently separated by adjusting the structure and performance parameters of the NF membrane.In the future,it is necessary to increase research investment by reducing the thickness of the polyamide layer in the NF membrane,focusing on the separation effect of Mg^(2^(+))/Li^(+)when the middle layer and lower surface layer are negative charge.It is hoped that this article can provide valuable reference for the research of lithium extraction from salt lakes.

关 键 词：锂 镁 分离 纳滤 正电 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]