简评阿尔都塞重塑的三种马克思理论形象  

A Brief Review of the Three Images of Marxist Theory Reshaped by Althusser

作　　者：刘繁荣 吴海江 Liu Fanrong;Wu Haijiang(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 056004,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海056004

出　　处：《学术探索》2024年第9期92-102,共11页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：20世纪60至80年代,阿尔都塞立足结构主义方法围绕化解“马克思主义的危机”及捍卫马克思主义的科学性,对马克思主义作了独特的阐发,形成了阿尔都塞的马克思主义,并勾勒了三种马克思理论肖像,即“科学的马克思主义”“有限的马克思主义”“偶然相遇的唯物主义”。阿尔都塞所重塑的三种马克思的理论形象之内在关系的实质是一种“理论退却”,即从“保卫马克思”走向了“背叛马克思”,而造成这一后果的根源在于:一是阿尔都塞早年思想的残迹导致他转向马克思主义信仰的不彻底;二是阿尔都塞用结构主义的方法重新阐释马克思主义所带来的理论偏离的后果;三阿尔都塞沉醉于“理论实践”的想象中,停留于著作间选择所犯的教条主义错误。From the 1960s to the 1980s,Louis Althusser defended the scientific nature of Marxism based on structuralist methods by addressing the"crisis of Marxism"and provided a unique interpretation of Marxism.This formed Althusser's Marxism and outlined three images of Marxist theory:"scientific Marxism","limited Marxism"and"materialism of the chance encounter"The essence of the internal relationship among Althusser's three reshaped images of Marxist theory is a form of"theoretical retreat",which signifies a shift from"defending Marx"to"betraying Marx".The root causes of this outcome are:first,Althusser's incomplete turn towards Marxist belief driven by the remnants of his early thoughts;secondly,the theoretical deviations resulting from Althusser's reinterpretation of Marxism using structuralist methods;thirdly,Althusser's indulgence in the imagination of"theoretical practice"and the dogmatic error he made when choosing his works.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 理论形象 结构主义 理论退却 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]