真实交易关系与民间票据贴现的合法性分析  

An Analysis of the Legitimacy of Real Transaction Relationships and the Discounting of Private Bills

作　　者：倪来 Ni Lai(ShaanXi Xuan Mian Law Firm)

机构地区：[1]陕西轩冕律师事务所

出　　处：《金融发展评论》2024年第6期83-94,共12页Financial Development Review

摘　　要：我国《票据法》第10条确认了交易关系真实性的基本原则,也形成了司法实务中对票据纠纷裁判中真实交易关系审查的统一裁判思路。然而,交易关系真实性原则与票据“无因性”①立场相悖,导致我国民间票据贴现的发展处于进退维谷的状态。因此,探讨真实交易关系与民间票据贴现的合法性具有重要的理论与实践价值。文章通过梳理相关文献,考察真实交易审查的历史变迁,阐述票据贴现的原理后发现,票据贴现纠纷的存在具有必然性,民间票据贴现合法性的法律障碍具有客观性。在无法消除该法律障碍之前,文章建议通过供应链金融、互联网票据秒贴、票据质押贷款等方式取得民间票据贴现同样的融资效果。该建议为我国民间票据贴现的可持续发展提供了合法且可行的路径选择。Article 10 of China's Bill Law confirms the basic principle of the authenticity of transaction relationships and also forms a unified judicial approach for reviewing the true transaction relationships in bill dispute judgments in judicial practice.However,the principle of authenticity of transaction relationships contradicts the position of“no cause”for bills,leading to a dilemma in the development of private bill discounting in China.Therefore,exploring the legitimate relationship between real transactions and the discounting of private bills has important theoretical and practical value.The article reviews relevant literature,examines the historical changes in real transaction review,and explains the principles of bill discounting.It is found that the existence of disputes over bill discounting is inevitable,and the legal obstacles to the legality of private bill discounting are objective.Before the legal barrier cannot be eliminated,the article suggests that the same financing effect of private bill discount can be achieved through supply chain finance,Internet bill discount,bill pledge loan and other ways.This suggestion provides a legal and feasible path for the sustainable development of private bill discounting in China.

关 键 词：真实交易关系 民间票据贴现 票据“无因性” 

分 类 号：K2[历史地理—历史学] O17[历史地理—中国史]