激光清洗工艺对航空铝合金组织及疲劳性能的影响研究  

Effect of Laser Cleaning Process on Microstructure and Fatigue Properties of Aviation Aluminum Alloy

作　　者：程程 余玮琛 丁瑶 邱太文 富双超 唐云洋 Cheng Cheng;Yu Weichen;Ding Yao;Qiu Taiwen;Fu Shuangchao;Tang Yunyang(Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Institute,Comac Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201324,China;Metrology&Test Center,Comac Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201324,China)

机构地区：[1]中国商飞上海飞机制造有限公司航空制造技术研究所,上海201324 [2]中国商飞上海飞机制造有限公司计量测试中心,上海201324

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第16期90-99,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：采用脉冲激光器,开展了航空铝合金表面漆层去除试验,通过外观检查、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原位温度检测、力学性能检测和高周疲劳试验,研究了激光清洗工艺对航空铝合金组织、力学及疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明:当激光功率和脉冲频率分别为80 W和100 kHz时,可去除铝合金表面环氧底漆涂层,但试样表面仍有漆层残余。当激光功率和脉冲频率分别达到500 W和500 kHz时,表面温度最高不超过115℃,未观察到明显的热影响区,材料表面10μm深度范围内的组织出现部分烧蚀和熔化现象。激光清洗后,材料的硬度增加,并且随着激光功率、频率、能量密度的增加,硬度增幅逐渐减小。拉伸性能结果显示,激光清洗后的试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率较空白试样均略微下降。高周疲劳试验结果表明,与空白试样相比,激光清洗后的带漆试样的疲劳性能下降11.76%,这主要是激光清洗造成了表面粗糙度增加。经阳极氧化和喷漆处理后,激光清洗去漆不会进一步增加阳极氧化造成的疲劳损伤。Objective After an aircraft is in service for a certain period,various factors,such as external forces,light,and humidity,affect the paint layer on its skin surface.This leads to aging,cracking,peeling,and other phenomena.Hence,removing the original coating on the metal material surface becomes a necessary step before repainting it.Laser cleaning offers advantages,including non-contact,environmental friendliness,precision,and no secondary pollution.It can replace traditional mechanical polishing and chemical paint removal methods,enhancing the cleanliness of aircraft surface paint layers.Due to the strict safety requirements of aircraft,it is crucial to understand whether the use of lasers for removing surface paint layers impacts the fatigue properties of the aircraft.In this study,a nanosecond pulse laser is used to clean aviation aluminum alloys coated with a fluid-resistant epoxy primer coating.Subsequently,the effects of the laser cleaning process on the microstructure and fatigue properties of the aluminum alloys are examined.Methods A pulsed laser was used to remove the surface coating of the aviation aluminum alloys.The effects of the laser cleaning process on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and fatigue properties of the aviation aluminum alloys were examined via appearance inspection,optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),in situ temperature detection,mechanical property detection,and high cycle fatigue test.Results and Discussions The results show that when the laser power and pulse frequency are 80 W and 100 kHz,the epoxy primer coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy can be removed.However,some residual paint layer remains on the surface of the sample.When the laser power and pulse frequency are 500 W and 500 kHz,the maximum surface temperature does not exceed 115℃,and no obvious heat affected zone is observed.Laser cleaning increases the surface roughness,with partial ablation and melting occurring within the depth range of 10μm.After laser cleaning,the hardness of

关 键 词：激光技术 激光清洗 航空铝合金 热影响区 力学性能 疲劳性能 

分 类 号：V261.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]