6061铝合金表面激光粗化技术研究  

Surface Roughening Technology by Laser Beam for 6061 Aluminum Alloy

作　　者：李春 杜欣蔚 杜宝宪[2] 张子昌[1] 马康智 李婷 倪立勇[1] 曾一兵[1] Li Chun;Du Xinwei;Du Baoxian;Zhang Zichang;Ma Kangzhi;Li Ting;Ni Liyong;Zeng Yibing(Department of Surface Engineering,Institute of Aerospace Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China;Office of Research and Development,Institute of Aerospace Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]航天材料及工艺研究所表面工程事业部,北京100176 [2]航天材料及工艺研究所研发处,北京100176

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第16期100-109,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52371044)。

摘　　要：采用激光表面处理技术对6061铝合金薄壁件进行表面粗化,并与用常规喷砂工艺处理的样品进行对比。研究了激光表面处理技术对6061铝合金表面显微形貌、物相组成和粗糙度的影响,测试了3种典型涂料在6061铝合金表面的润湿性和附着力。结果表明,脉冲激光束将铝合金瞬间气化或熔融,并在其表面形成圆斑,周围的飞溅颗粒表面有薄氧化层;其表面粗糙度随处理次数的增加呈线性增加,处理次数为5次时与喷砂处理结果接近(表面粗糙度为4~5μm);不同涂料的表面接触角不同,且与激光处理次数相关;3种典型涂料在激光粗化处理后6061铝合金表面的附着力为0级或1级,结合力优异。激光表面粗化有望作为铝合金有机涂料喷涂前处理工艺来替代喷砂处理工艺。Objective A 6061 aluminum alloy coated with four-proof paint is a commonly used structural component in aerospace products.To improve the bonding strength between the coating and substrate,the aluminum alloy surface must be roughened.Conventional sandblasting causes significant deformation of thin-walled aluminum alloy products.Previous research has shown that laser treatment can improve surface roughness.However,our experience indicates that the deformation of thin-walled parts is significant when a relatively large pulse width and low pulse frequency are used during laser processing.Considering the aforementioned difficulty,the present research utilized a nanosecond laser to roughen the surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy using an appropriate energy input while reducing deformation.The effects of laser treatment on the microstructure and roughness of the aluminum alloy are evaluated,and the wetting behaviors and adhesion strengths of several typical paints are measured.The overall objective of this study is to verify the feasibility of laser roughening as an alternative to sandblasting for thin-walled parts.Methods A pulsed fiber laser with an average output power of 100 W is used,and the laser frequency and pulse width are controlled at 80 kHz and 100 ns,respectively.The number of laser surface treatments for the 6061 aluminum alloy is 1-10 times.For comparison,100-mesh white corundum sand is blasted,where the pressure is 0.2 MPa during sandblasting.Surface metallography and 3D profiles are observed following surface treatment.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is used to examine the microstructure of the surface,and the elemental distribution is tested using an energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)module.The levels of roughness before and after laser treatment are measured.The surface phase compositions are determined using an X-ray diffractometer.Two typical paints,TL-W017 and TL-19A,invented by the institute of aerospace materials and technology,are selected to comparatively study their wetting behavior on a las

关 键 词：激光技术 激光 表面粗化 6061铝合金 润湿角 附着力 

分 类 号：TG176[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]