民机铝合金蒙皮表面漆层激光清洗仿真与实验研究  

Simulation and Experimental Study on Laser Cleaning of Surface Paint Layer of Aluminum Alloy Skin for Civil Aircraft

作　　者：张天刚 李昱 邹俊豪 张志强 刘亚楠 Zhang Tiangang;Li Yu;Zou Junhao;Zhang Zhiqiang;Liu Yanan(School of Aviation Engineering,China Civil Aviation University,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Mechatronics Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学航空工程学院,天津300300 [2]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第16期133-146,共14页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2033211);中国民航大学研究生科研创新项目(2022YJS033)。

摘　　要：为了进一步阐明铝合金表面丙烯酸聚氨酯漆层的激光清洗机制,揭示扫描速度对激光除漆的影响规律,首先采用万能试验机测定了漆层强度极限,结合多种技术手段分析研究了单脉冲热-力耦合COMSOL仿真与清洗实验结果,探究了四种扫描速度(1000、900、800、700 mm/s)下除漆表面宏微观形貌及成分变化。结果显示:单脉冲除漆凹坑内存在明显分层与碎裂,除漆最大深度和宽度分别为34.3μm和125μm;漆层强度极限为2.68×10~7 Pa,与热应力仿真结果接近;随着扫描速度逐步降低,漆层去除深度不断增大,氧化膜逐步显现,面漆着色剂(β型铜酞菁)与漆层功能性氧化粒子的沉积量逐渐增加。研究表明:单脉冲激光除漆过程主要包括烧蚀、热应力和等离子体冲击三种除漆机制;随着扫描速度的逐渐降低,烧蚀除漆效果逐渐增强,等离子体冲击除漆效果逐步减弱,热应力除漆效果保持不变。Objective Civil aircrafts operate under severe conditions,leading to issues such as peeling and cracking in the aircraft paint layer.This makes localized or comprehensive paint removal and surface maintenance pivotal during C-check or D-check procedures.Current paint removal methods,such as manual grinding and chemical stripping,are widely used.However,they have significant shortcomings.Manual grinding often lacks precision and can damage the aircraft surface,while chemical stripping is complicated and environmentally detrimental.These challenges hinder sustainable and efficient advancements in the civil aviation industry.Laser paint removal has emerged as a promising solution,offering high precision,reduced pollution,and automation possibilities.It is rapidly gaining global attention.However,a knowledge gap exists in understanding the exact mechanism of paint removal during laser ablation,particularly regarding the impacts of single-pulse thermal stress and plasma-induced removal.This study bridges this gap by first determining the vaporization point and strength limit of the paint layer.Then,single-pulse laser ablation simulations are compared with experimental results to better understand thermal stress paint removal during laser cleaning.This research sheds light on paint removal mechanisms and evaluates the impacts of varying scanning speeds on laser paint removal efficiency.Hence,the aim is to offer valuable insights and references for enhancing the use and development of laser paint removal techniques on civil aircraft skin.Methods In this study,the vaporization point and strength limit of the paint layer are first determined via thermogravimetry and stress-strain experiments.Subsequently,a finite element analysis of the single-pulse laser ablation-thermal stress paint removal process is conducted using the COMSOL software.Experiments on laser paint removal,both single-pulse and multi-pulse,at varying scanning speeds(ν=1000,900,800,and 700 mm/s),are performed on the composite paint system of the LY12 alum

关 键 词：激光技术 激光清洗 铝合金 丙烯酸聚氨酯漆层 扫描速度 除漆机制 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]