水导激光制备镍基单晶高温合金微孔工艺试验研究  

Experimental Research on Waterjet-Guided Laser Processing of Microholes in Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloys

作　　者：王顺山 乔红超[1,2] 曹治赫 梁金盛 韩东宇 赵吉宾 Wang Shunshan;Qiao Hongchao;Cao Zhihe;Liang Jinsheng;Han Dongyu;Zhao Jibin(State Key Laboratory of Robotics,Shenyang Institute of Automation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China;Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110169,Liaoning,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所机器人学国家重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院机器人与智能制造创新研究院,辽宁沈阳110169 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第16期277-286,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4601600)。

摘　　要：为了改善水导激光制备单晶镍合金微孔的表面形貌,降低微孔锥度,采用控制变量法研究了在单步螺旋打孔方法下,激光单脉冲能量、扫描速度、进给次数和扫描圈数对微孔表面形貌及锥度的影响规律。提出了多步螺旋打孔方法,并在优选加工参数组合下与单步螺旋打孔方法进行了比较。结果表明,增加单脉冲能量和降低扫描速度可以改善微孔表面形貌,减小微孔锥度。随着进给次数的增多,微孔表面形貌逐渐变好,微孔锥度先减小后饱和。随着扫描圈数的增多,微孔表面形貌逐渐变差,微孔锥度先增大后减小。采用多步螺旋打孔方法加工的微孔锥度仅为0.29°,比单步螺旋打孔方法降低了70%,且尺寸偏差和圆度都控制在20μm以内。Objective With the rapid development of the aerospace,ship,power,and energy fields,single-crystal Ni-based superalloys have been widely used in aeroengine and gas turbine components because of their excellent comprehensive performance.This has resulted in an increase in the quality requirements for related microhole structures,which has translated to higher processing technology requirements.Waterjet-guided laser drilling technology,when compared with other traditional microhole processing techniques,such as electrochemical machining,electrical discharge machining,and“dry laser”processing,has the advantages of a large working distance,no thermal damage,neat cutting,and no obvious taper.However,the high specific strength and low thermal conductivity of single-crystal Ni-based superalloys make them prone to defects such as poor microhole surface morphologies and large tapers during processing.Hence,it is crucial to investigate the effects of the processing parameters on the microhole surface morphologies and taper for high-quality machining of superalloy microholes.Methods This study investigates the mechanism and experimental research of waterjet-guided laser drilling of the single-crystal Nibased superalloy,DD91.First,the effects of the laser single-pulse energy,scanning speed,feed time,and scanning time on the surface morphologies and tapers of microholes are studied by setting up single-factor experiments.Then,based on the single-step spiral scanning mode[Fig.2(a)],a multistep spiral scanning mode drilling method[Fig.2(b)]is proposed to improve the defects of poor microhole surface morphologies and large tapers.In the multistep spiral scanning mode,the coupled energy beam repeatedly scans the innermost circle(circle 1)N times,cut across the material to form a prefabricated hole at the center of the microhole,and then scans the second circle(circle 2)to the outermost circle(circle N)N times with a single-step spiral scanning mode to complete the processing of the filling circle and hence widen the aperture a

关 键 词：激光技术 水导激光 螺旋打孔 高温合金 表面形貌 锥度 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]