“法律拟制”概念源流考辨  

A Studyonthe Origin and Transformation of the Concept of Fictio Legis

作　　者：张传玺 Zhang Chuanxi

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律古籍整理研究所

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2024年第3期15-28,5,9,共16页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：“法律拟制”的含义和制度表现在西方法律史上经历了变迁过程。罗马法上的拟制意为“虚构”,有诸多用例及相关语言现象,产生于特定历史情境,是弥合立法和司法间沟隙的工具,具有“历史性”和“司法性”特征。中世纪及近代的英国法律实践和法学流派承袭了“法律拟制”概念,布莱克斯通、边沁和梅因等学者对“法律拟制”做了学理化工作,但“拟制”仍以“虚构”为基本含义,法律拟制的司法性和历史性特征在一定程度上得以保留。现代“法律拟制”学说在富勒和德国法学理论中得到重塑,在成文法传统中,法律拟制概念原有的历史性和司法性特征被滤去。Fictions at the Roman law meant"falsehood and there were various examples and related linguistic phenomena of legal fictions.Those legal fictions'birth were in their own historical context,and they were means of bridging the gaps between legislation and judicature,with their historical and judicial characteristics.English legal practice and jurisprudential schools adopted and advanced Roman conception of fictio legis(legal fiction),and in this context William Blackstone,Jeremy Bentham and Henry Maine had reconstructed the concept.However,its original meaning,namely falsehood,and its historical and judicial features had been kept in the English legal system.The modern theory on legal fiction has been remodeled in Professor L.L.Fuller's theory and German jurisprudence.In the written law tradition,the original historical and judicial features of legal fiction have been filtered out.

关 键 词：法律拟制 司法性 法学流派 学理化 成文法 富勒 罗马法 边沁 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]