变化与延续:近代英国法律、正义和社会秩序  

Changes and Continuities:Law,Justice and theSocial Order in England,1500-1800

作　　者：布罗迪·沃德尔 Brodie Waddell

机构地区：[1]英国伦敦大学伯贝克学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2024年第3期52-60,6,10,共11页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：1500—1800年间英国经历了显著的社会经济变革,同时在法律和司法方面发生变化。资本主义的崛起和城市化改变了经济和社会结构,中产阶级的崛起和无产阶级的出现导致了新的社会分层,经济不平等日益严重。王权专制主义逐渐减弱,议会主义和政党思想兴起,强调政府应基于社会契约和民众同意。个人权利的关注上升,包括私有财产权、陪审团审判权和宗教宽容等,但这些权利往往只限于特定群体,如成年男性有产者。中央集权趋势明显,法律和司法制度更加正规化和专业化,然而,这些变化并未普及至所有人,妇女、穷人和特殊群体的权利受到限制或压制,同时它也加剧了社会不平等,排除了大多数人参与政治和法律制定的权利。Between 1500 and 1800,Britain underwent significant socioeconomic change,along with changes in law and justice. The rise of capitalismand urbanization changed the economicand social structure, with the rise of the middleclass and the emergence of the proletariatleading to new social stratification and growingeconomic inequality. The gradual declineof royal absolutism and the rise of parliamentarismand party ideology emphasizedthat government should be based on a socialcontract and popular consent. There has beena rise in concern for individual rights, includingthe right to private property, the right totrial by jury and religious tolerance, but thesetend to be limited to specific groups, such aspropertied men. There has been a clear trendtowards centralization and greater formalizationand professionalization of the legal andjudicial systems, however, these changes havenot been universal and the rights of women, thepoor and special groups have been limited orsuppressed, while it has also increased socialinequality and excluded the majority from participatingin politics and law-making.

关 键 词：私有财产权 社会契约 政党思想 社会经济变革 中产阶级 社会秩序 近代英国 审判权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]