法律文明视域下的中世纪英格兰罚金刑  

Fines in Medieval England in the Context of Legal Civilization

作　　者：高瑞 Gao Rui

机构地区：[1]延安大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2024年第3期149-157,8,13,共11页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：罚金刑是中世纪英格兰司法判决中常见的一种经济处罚,由法庭按照习惯法的判例来征缴。诺曼征服后,罚金刑制度取代了盎格鲁—撒克逊时期的赔偿金制度,12世纪末出现了最早的以罚金刑处罚商业违法活动的记录。1215年的《大宪章》明确提出了罚金刑的征缴原则和方式,即罚金刑要与罪行一致、当缺少判例时,罚金刑必须评定才能征缴。罚金刑以不同世俗法律体系下权利与义务的相互制衡关系为主要司法参考。从法律文明的角度来看,罚金刑按法律征缴具有客观性,罚金刑代替血亲复仇具有司法进步性。Fines were a very common financial penalty in medieval English judicial judgment,levied by the courts in accordance with customary law jurisprudence.After the Norman Conquest,the system of fines replaced the Anglo-Saxon system of compensation,and the earliest records of fine governing commercial offence appeared at the end of the 12th century.The Magna Carta of 1215 clearly set out the principles and manner in which fines were to be levied,that is,the fine should be consistent with the crime,and that it must be assessed in order to be levied when there was a lack of jurisprudence.Fines have as their main juridical reference the checks and balances between rights and obligations under different secular legal systems.From the point of the rule of law culture,fines are objectively levied in accordance with the law,and they are judicially progressive in lieu of blood feud.

关 键 词：罚金刑 《大宪章》 司法判决 血亲复仇 习惯法 诺曼征服 经济处罚 征缴 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]