微纳米铜粉的液相还原法制备及抗氧化研究进展  

Research Progress in the Preparation and Application of Micro and Nano Copper Powders by Liquid Phase Reduction Method

作　　者：柯鑫 谢炳卿 王忠 张敬国 王建伟 李占荣 胡强 贺会军 汪礼敏 Ke Xin;Xie Bingqing;Wang Zhong;Zhang Jingguo;Wang Jianwei;Li Zhanrong;Hu Qiang;He Huijun;Wang Limin(Metal Powder Materials Industrial Technology Research Institute of China GRINM Group Corporation Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101407,China;Gricy Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd,Chongqing 401431,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;GRIPM Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101407,China;GRINM NEXUSX Advanced Materials(Beijing)Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101407,China)

机构地区：[1]中国有研科技集团有限公司金属粉体材料产业技术研究院,北京101407 [2]重庆有研重冶新材料有限公司,重庆401431 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]有研粉末新材料股份有限公司,北京101407 [5]有研纳微新材料(北京)有限公司,北京101407

出　　处：《稀有金属材料与工程》2024年第9期2695-2712,共18页Rare Metal Materials and Engineering

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0027);国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0204600)。

摘　　要：以纳米和亚微米尺度为主的微纳米铜粉,因其具有高导电导热性、低的电化学迁移行为、强的可焊性以及低廉的价格和易得的原料,是现代军工、船舶、航天与尖端科技领域的重要功能材料。针对不同应用特性而对微纳米铜粉的形貌粒度和表面特性有着不同的要求,同时较小的粒度分布和较高的活性以及易氧化的特性对制备和存储提出了更高的要求。液相还原法利用氧化还原反应的机制,通过调控工艺条件可以针对性控制微纳米铜粉的粒径和形貌,并可在此基础上进行表面改性处理改善其抗氧化能力,以达到更好的应用特性。本文综述了液相还原过程中不同调控因素(还原剂、铜源、保护剂、溶剂、反应温度和pH)对微纳米铜粉形貌粒度及分散性的影响,进一步概括了微纳米铜粉抗氧化的3种处理方法(表面包覆、表面晶面重构和表面转化处理),简述了微纳米铜粉在化学催化、医疗抗菌、润滑摩擦和电子浆料等领域的应用现状,总结了微纳米铜粉的应用困境和发展方向,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为液相还原法制备微纳米铜粉的发展提供借鉴。Micro and nano copper powders,mainly on nano and sub-micron scales,are critical functional materials in the modern military,shipbuilding,aerospace,and cutting-edge science and technology fields due to their high electrical and thermal conductivity,low electrochemical mobility behavior,strong solderability,low price and easy availability of raw materials.For different applications,there are different requirements for the morphology,particle size,and surface properties of copper nanopowders,while smaller particle size distribution and higher activity,as well as easy oxidization,result in higher requirements for the preparation and storage.Based on the mechanism of redox reaction,liquid-phase reduction method is used to control the particle size and morphology of copper nanopowders by regulating the process conditions.On this basis,surface modification treatment can be carried out to improve the antioxidant ability to achieve better application characteristics.In this paper,the effects of different regulating factors(reducing agent,copper source,protective agent,solvent,reaction temperature,and pH)on the morphology,particle size,and dispersion of copper nanopowders in the liquid phase reduction process were reviewed,and the three treatments on copper nanopowders for antioxidant resistance(surface capping,surface crystal reconstruction,and surface transformation treatment)were further summarized,as well as the current status of the application of copper nanopowders in the fields of chemical catalysis,medical antimicrobial,lubrication friction and electronic pastes.The current status of the application of copper nanopowders in chemical catalysis,medical antimicrobials,lubricating friction,and electronic pastes was briefly described.The application dilemma and development direction of copper nanopowders were summarized.The development prospect is outlooked,to provide a reference for the development of copper nanopowders prepared by liquid phase reduction method.

关 键 词：微纳米铜粉 液相还原法 形貌粒度 表面抗氧化 应用特性 

分 类 号：O645[理学—物理化学]