论备案审查中的“基本权益”概念  

On the Concept of"Basic Rights and Interests"in Recordation Review

作　　者：林栋 Lin Dong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第5期37-55,共19页Human Rights

基　　金：国家社科基金2020年度重点项目“中国央地政府事权关系的宪法整合研究”(批准号:20AFX011);浙江省哲学社会科学规划“研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神”专项课题“法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设之宪法整合研究”(课题编号:21WZQH06Z)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：备案审查制度中的“基本权益”概念是理解审查机关混用审查标准的线索。“基本权益”概念的本质是共同体为个人设定之价值基础,在国家权力体系的实际运行过程中发挥着正当化的功能。通过“三重抽象”的方法,可以完成“基本权益”的实体建构。保障公民的“基本权益”能够圆满实现备案审查的制度功能。我国法体系中的多元人权规范是基本权益的形式载体,可将我国的人权规范类型化为政策中的人权规范、宪法中的人权规范、部门法中的人权规范和社会文化共识中的人权规范四类。对多元人权规范的交互联结进行考察,公民的各项“基本权益”可规整为生存照护、民主参与、文化教育、幸福发展、生态和谐五类,“基本权益”的保障取决于审查机关援引“基本权益”概念对相关规范性文件作混合审查,适用方式应立足于统合原则、效力原则、整体原则与调和原则。The concept of"basic rights and interests"in the recordation review system serves as a key to understanding the mixed use of review standards by the review authorities.The essence of the"basic rights and interests"concept is the value foundation established by the community for individuals,playing a legitimizing role in the actual operation of the state power system.Through the method of"triple abstraction,"the substantive construction of"basic rights and interests"can be achieved.Ensuring the"basic rights and interests"of citizens can effectively fulfill the functional purpose of the recordation review system.The diverse human rights norms in China's legal system are the formal carriers of basic rights and interests,which can be categorized into four types:human rights norms in policies,human rights norms in the Constitution,human rights norms in departmental laws,and human rights norms in social and cultural consensus.By examining the interactive connections of these diverse human rights norms,citizens'"basic rights and interests"can be organized into such five categories as survival care,democratic participation,cultural education,well-being development,and ecological harmony.The protection of"basic rights and interests"depends on the review authorities'application of the"basic rights and interests"concept to conduct mixed reviews of relevant normative documents.The application method should be based on the principles of integration,effectiveness,entirety,and harmony.

关 键 词：备案审查 基本权益 人权规范 审查原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]