基本权利合宪性解释的判断原则、标准及适用  

Principles,Standards,and Applicability of Constitutional Interpretation of Basic Rights

作　　者：董建 Dong Jian

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第5期56-74,共19页Human Rights

摘　　要：对关涉公民基本权利的部门法律规范而言,当其根据个案情形存在多种解释可能时,作为公权力的解释者需要适用合宪性解释方法筛选出不违反宪法的解释结论,即在宪法层面筛选出未对公民基本权利构成过当限制的合宪性解释结论,以“不侵犯公民基本权利”为原则理解法律规范的具体内涵。宪法作为一种框架秩序,并不要求解释者在多种不违反宪法的解释结论中选择最趋近宪法的一种。如果法律规范在个案情形中不存在合宪的解释结论,说明该规范在个案中的适用违宪,解释者应当在个案中回避该法律规范的适用。就判断标准而言,解释者应当适用比例原则对关涉基本权利法律规范的各个法律解释结论是否符合宪法做出判断。基于对立法者的尊重,比例原则各项子原则的适用应当考虑解释行为的边界。For departmental legal norms concerning citizens'basic rights,when multiple interpretations are possible based on individual case circumstances,interpreters representing public authority need to apply the method of constitutional interpretation to screen out the interpretation conclusions that do not violate the Constitution.This means selecting interpretations at the constitutional level that do not overly restrict citizens'basic rights and understanding the specific connotations of legal norms with the principle of"not infringing on citizens'basic rights."The Constitution,as a framework order,does not require interpreters to choose the most constitutionally aligned interpretation among various constitutional interpretations.If a legal norm does not have a constitutional interpretation conclusion in a individual case,it indicates that the application of that norm in the case is unconstitutional,and the interpreter should avoid applying the legal norm in that case.Regarding judgment standards,interpreters should apply the principle of proportionality to determine whether each legal interpretation conclusion concerning basic rights-related legal norms complies with the Constitution.Out of respect for the legislature,the application of the sub-principles of proportionality should consider the boundaries of interpretative actions.

关 键 词：基本权利 合宪性解释 趋近宪法的解释 比例原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]