国际人权保护视阈下的领事通知实践  

Consular Notification Practice from the Perspective of International Human Rights Protection

作　　者：谢海霞[1] Xie Haixia

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第5期178-200,共23页Human Rights

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《完善我国领事保护制度研究》(项目批准号:20&ZD206)资助。

摘　　要：国际法人本化的发展推动了领事法的创新,传统上调整国家间领事关系的领事条约中开始确立个人权利保护的内容,《维也纳领事关系公约》第36条第1款的规定被视为个人“赋”权条款,领事通知因此被赋予了双重权利属性和义务承担的功能,同时也触发了领事协助和领事保护机制。国家的双边领事实践还推动了强制通知义务的惯行化,领事通知正在发展成为一项普遍的国家实践。以联合国核心人权条约为代表的人权文件中开始逐步纳入领事通知条款,从人权法实施机制上进一步强化了领事通知的程序价值。针对死刑案件,国际人权机构还通过领事通知的实现来推动“领事会见”人权化,其中提出的一些具体建议和搭建的信息共享机制,将极大地推动领事通知的人权化进程。The development of the humanization of international law has driven innovations in consular law.Consular treaties traditionally governing consular relations among states have begun to incorporate provisions for the protection of individual rights.Article 36(1)of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations is seen as a"rights-empowering"clause,endowing consular notification with dual rights attributes and obligations,and triggering consular assistance and protection mechanisms.Bilateral consular practices of states have also led to the customary implementation of mandatory notification duties,with consular notification evolving into a widespread state practice.Human rights documents,represented by the core United Nations human rights treaties,have gradually incorporated consular notification provisions,further reinforcing its procedural value in the human rights law implementation mechanism.In death penalty cases,international human rights bodies have promoted the human rights enhancement of"consular access"through consular notification,with specific recommendations and information-sharing mechanisms that will significantly advance the human rights enhancement process of consular notification.

关 键 词：《维也纳领事关系公约》 领事通知 领事会见 个人权利 人权化 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]