基于环境DNA宏条形码的辽东半岛重要河口鱼类多样性特征  

Fish diversity in important estuaries in Liaodong Peninsula based on environmental DNA metabarcoding

作　　者：崔晓玉 张云雷 张金勇 孙艺 王媛 李宏俊[2] CUI Xiaoyu;ZHANG Yunlei;ZHANG Jinyong;SUN Yi;WANG Yuan;LI Hongjun(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第4期578-588,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：鸭绿江口生态系统健康监测(业务化项目)资助。

摘　　要：为了从分子技术水平探讨渤海与北黄海重要河口鱼类构成及多样性分布情况,利用环境DNA宏条形码技术对渤海与北黄海的12个重要河口进行了鱼类群落多样性研究。结果表明:渤海海域共检测出鱼类74种,隶属于2纲19目41科57属,其中,鲈形目(45%)占比最大,北黄海共检测出鱼类76种,隶属于2纲19目42科59属,其中鲈形目(42%)占比最大;渤海与北黄海鱼类多样性指数变化趋势相似,但渤海的多样性指数低于北黄海,表明北黄海具有较丰富的鱼类多样性;基于Bray-Curtis距离的NMDS分析和ANOSIM检验显示,渤海与北黄海鱼类群落组间差异大于组内差异(P=0.001);相比于传统鱼类多样性调查方法,环境DNA宏条形码调查在灵敏性、非破坏性和成本效益方面具有显著优势,适用于鱼类多样性调查。研究表明,北黄海相较于渤海具有更高的鱼类多样性;环境DNA宏条形码技术适用于鱼类多样性调查,可对渔业资源调查结果进行补充,在鱼类多样性调查中具备大范围业务化应用前景。In order to explore the composition and diversity distribution of fish in important estuaries in the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea from molecular technology,fish community diversity was surveyed and investigated in 12 important estuaries in Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea(121°18′~124°19′E,39°10′~40°54′N)by environmental DNA metabarcoding technique.The results showed that 74 fish species were found in Bohai Sea,belonging to 2 classes,19 orders,41 families and 57 genera,with the maximal proportion of species in Perciformes(45%).A total of 76 fish species were detected in the Northern Yellow Sea,belonging to 2 classes,19 orders,42 families and 59 genera,with the maximal proportion of species in Perciformes(42%).There was the similar variation trend of diversity index in Bohai Sea to that in the Northern Yellow Sea,with lower diversity index in the Bohai Sea than that in the Northern Yellow Sea,indicating the rich fish diversity in the Northern Yellow Sea.NMDS analysis and ANOSIM test based on Bray-curtis distance showed that the difference between fish communities was larger in Bohai Sea and Northern Yellow Sea than the difference within the groups(P=0.001).Environmental DNA metabarcoding survey was found to be featured by significant advantages in sensitivity,non-destructiveness and cost-effectiveness,compared with traditional fish diversity survey methods,and thus suitable for fish diversity survey.The findings demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding technology supplemented the results of fishery resources investigation and had a wide range of business application prospects in fish diversity investigation.

关 键 词：环境DNA宏条形码 渤海 北黄海 鱼类多样性 辽东半岛河口 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]