大连海域底栖海藻种类组成及其与环境因子的相关性  

Composition and correlation with environmental factors of benthic seaweed species in the sea area of Dalian

作　　者：郑雪 曹淑青[1] 申元[1] 刘高 李纯诚 李晓丽[1] ZHENG Xue;CAO Shuqing;SHEN Yuan;LIU Gao;LI Chuncheng;LI Xiaoli(Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China s Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第4期648-656,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：2023中央财政对辽宁渔业补助项目。

摘　　要：为了解大连海域底栖海藻群落组成与分布现状,于2019—2023年对大连黄海、渤海海域共15个站位的大型底栖海藻开展调查,并对海水环境因子进行监测与影响效应分析。结果表明:大连海域底栖海藻共计4门165种,其中,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)2种、红藻门(Rhodophyta)84种、褐藻门(Phaeophyta)42种、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)37种,外来种共计11种,除裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、海带(Laminaria japonica)外,其余9种为外来入侵物种;底栖海藻Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为2.96~4.86,平均值为4.28;Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.74~0.95,平均值为0.89;Simpson优势度指数(C)为0.86~0.98,平均值为0.96;底栖海藻的种类及生物量季节变化呈现出春季>夏季>冬季>秋季的特征,海藻种类空间变化呈现出低潮带>中潮带>潮下带>高潮带的特征;RDA分析结果显示,溶解氧(DO)、盐度(SAL)和pH是显著影响大连海域海藻生长与分布的主要环境因子(P<0.05)。研究表明,相对于大连黄海、渤海海域北部边界,大连中部、南部海域的海藻多样性明显提高,海藻入侵种也明显增多。本调查结果可为大连海域海藻的资源保护、开发利用及外来入侵种防范管理提供科学参考。To understand the composition and distributions of benthic seaweed communities in the Dalian costal area,species composition of benthic seaweed and environmental factors were surveyed,determined and analyzed at 15 locations in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea around Dalian(121°58′-123°31′E,38°43′-40°10′N)from 2019 to 2023.Results showed that there were a total of 165 species of benthic seaweed in 4 phyla in the Dalian sea area,2 species belonged to Cyanophyta,84 species belonged to Rhodophyta,42 species belonged to Phaeophyta,and 37 species belonged to Chlorophyta;there were totally11 alien species,except for Undaria pinnatifida,Laminaria japonica,and the other invasive 9 species.Shannon Wiener diversity index(H′)of the seaweed was ranged from 2.96 to 4.86,with average value of 4.28;Pielou uniformity index(J)was ranged from 0.74 to 0.95,with average value of 0.89;the Simpson dominance index(C)was varied from 0.86 to 0.98,with average value of 0.96.The seasonal variation of benthic seaweed species and biomass were expressed as spring>summer>winter>autumn,and the spatial variation of the seaweed species showed a trend of low tidal zone>middle tidal zone>subtidal zone>high tidal zone.The RDA analysis results revealed that dissolved oxygen(DO),salinity(SAL),and pH were the main environmental factors significantly affecting the growth and distribution of seaweed in the Dalian sea area(P<0.05).The seaweed biodiversity in the central and southern waters of Dalian was shown to be increased significantly,and the number of invasive species either increased compared to the northern boundaries of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of Dalian.The findings provide the basis for the seaweed protection,and sustainable developments in Dalian sea area,and strategies adoptions for the prevention invasive seaweed species.

关 键 词：大连海域 海藻资源 生物多样性 保护 

分 类 号：Q949.1[生物学—植物学]