增殖放流鱼类的野化训练研究进展  

Research progress on wild training for breeding and releasing fish:a review

作　　者：陈诗鸿 田涛[1,2] 于晓明[1,2] 吴忠鑫[1,2] 尹增强 CHEN Shihong;TIAN Tao;YU Xiaoming;WU Zhongxin;YIN Zengqiang(Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University),Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学),辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第4期684-697,共14页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金项目(2021JJ11CG001);辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(LR2019014);设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学)资助项目(202316)。

摘　　要：以增殖放流为主要手段的渔业资源增殖是恢复生物资源和维持渔业可持续发展的重要途径,近几十年来在中国有着较快发展,但是人工繁育的苗种放流后死亡率较高等问题导致鱼类的人工增殖放流多未达到预期效果,从而影响了渔业资源增殖的效益。在放流前通过各种方法对放流苗种进行野化训练是提高放流苗种质量及成活率的有效方法之一,对提升增殖放流总体效益起到重要作用。本文回顾了中国渔业资源增殖放流的历程,分析了导致鱼类放流后成活率低的原因,从饵料认知、捕食者信息、环境复杂程度和鱼类游泳能力等方面阐述了鱼类野化训练的研究进展,建议未来可通过开展遗传改良、检测精子和卵子质量、统计受伤比例和病死率、分析血液生化指标、控制投喂空间、提升养殖环境复杂度、植入芯片和生物追踪等鱼类野化训练的研究与实践,提高增殖放流物种的生存质量,以期为促进水域生态恢复和渔业可持续发展提供参考依据。The increase in fishery resources via artificial propagation and releasing is a crucial method for replenishing biological resources and ensuring the sustainable development of fisheries,and developed rapidly in China in past decades.However,the high mortality of artificially bred seedlings after release led to the failure in most artificial proliferation and releasing of fish without the expected results,thereby affecting the benefits of fishery resource proliferation.One of the effective methods to improve the quality and survival rate of released seedlings is to conduct wild training through various methods before release,which plays an important role in enhancing the overall benefits of proliferation and release.The current situation of the proliferation and release of fishery resources in China was reviewed,focusing on scientific issues of concern in the research of proliferation and release.The reasons for the low survival rate of fish after release and the research progress of fish wild training were evaluated from several aspectsincluding food cognition,predator information,environmental complexity,and fish swimming ability.It is suggested to carry out genetic improvement,test sperm and egg quality,count injury rates,mortality rates and practice of analyzing blood biochemical indicators,controlling feeding space,improving the complexity of aquaculture environment,implanting chips and biological tracking for fish wild training,improving the quality of life of breeding and releasing species in the future,in order to provide reference basis for promoting water ecological restoration and sustainable development of the fisheries.

关 键 词：野化训练 增殖放流 存活率 渔业资源 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]