20世纪50年代美军编绘1∶25万中国地形图的研究  

A Study of the 1∶250 000 Scale Topographic Maps of China: Compilation by the Army Map Service in the 1950s

作　　者：杨洵奕 Yang Xunyi(Center for Historical Geography,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2024年第3期135-152,157,158,共20页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：湖南省社科基金一般委托项目“安化黑茶古道地图研究”(24WTC01);教育部规划基金项目“近代中国邮政舆图的整理与研究(1903—1942年)”(22YJA770017);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字时代的中国历史地名信息化研究”(22JJD770022);国家社会科学基金重大项目“魏晋隋唐交通与文学图考”(182DA247);用友基金会“商的长城”重点项目“近代商业信息网络的高精度空间复原及可达性分析(1903—1942)”(2023-Z01)。

摘　　要：美国陆军制图局是第二次世界大战时美军成立的专业军事制图机构。1∶25万中国地形图是该局20世纪50年代编制的中比例尺地形图,共三个系列。此套图主要反映的是全面抗战至1949年前中国的地理情况。地形图的精度取决于数据来源的精度,以及美军是否在该地区实测过,数据来源以美制、日制、华制地图和航拍资料为主,是反映近代精度最佳的中比例尺地形图。地形图的版本与编制周期与美军需求有关,靠近战区的地形图更新、出版速度更快。总体来看,本图是近代诸多测绘成果的有机结合,是反映近代地表要素最好的中比例尺地形图。此图的标准化处理,也为跨区域历史地理研究提供了新的可能。The Army Map Service(AMS)was a professional military mapping agency established by the U.S.military during World War II.The 1:250000 China topographic map is a medium-scale topographic map series compiled by the AMS in the 1950s.This set of maps primarily reflects the geographical situation of China from the end of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War to the period just before 1949.The accuracy of the topographic maps is contingent upon whether the U.S.military conducted actual surveys in the area and the quality of the data sources.The data sources primarily consist of American,Japanese,and Chinese maps,as well as aerial photography,making them the most accurate medium-scale topographic maps reflecting modern standards at the time.The versioning and compilation cycles of the topographic maps are tied to the operational needs of the U.S.military,with faster updating and publication speeds for maps near theaters of war.Overall,this map series represents an organic integration of numerous modern cartographic achievements and stands as the most accurate medium-scale topographic map reflecting contemporary surface features.Furthermore,the standardized processing of these maps also offers new opportunities for cross-regional historical geography research.

关 键 词：美国陆军制图局 中国地形图 中比例尺地图 地图分析 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]