从汉普顿宫到环球剧院——《麦克白》中的三重神话及其时代书写  

From Hampton Court to Globe Theatre:The Three Myths and Time Writing in Macbeth

作　　者：范文杰 Fan Wenjie

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期72-78,154,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“莎士比亚戏剧本源系统整理与传承比较研究”(19ZDA294)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：麦克白神话、斯图亚特神话、古典女神赫卡忒构筑了《麦克白》思想流动的节点,展示了王朝迭代之际莎士比亚不断变化的戏剧思考。麦克白神话隐喻了詹姆斯国王危险的政治处境,表达了剧作家对英格兰、苏格兰尖锐民族矛盾的隐微看法。以文艺复兴时期的世界秩序意识与时间意识为基础的斯图亚特神话履行了王室戏剧政治宣传的重要功能,为纾解困扰国王的王权正统性问题提供戏剧方案。在该剧完成宫廷演出继而走向民间剧院的过程中,莎士比亚默许赫卡忒出现在环球剧院的舞台上,准许其取代魔鬼成为三女巫主人的戏剧调整体现了悲剧诗人对时代巨变中普通民众的关注。《麦克白》呈现了时代与政治束缚中冷峻审慎、自由且深刻的诗人灵魂。The Macbeth myth,the Stuart myth and the classical goddess Hecate constitute the ideological basis of Macbeth.Three highly explanatory mythological clues show that Shakespeare,who was promoted to court playwright at the change of dynasty,observed the dangerous political situation of James I,and thought about the sharp national conflicts between England and Scotland.Based on the common consciousness of world order and time in the Renaissance,the Stuart myth provided a dramatic solution to the problem of the royal lineage that troubled the king.In the process from court theater to folk theater,Shakespeare acquiesced to Hecate’s moral edification and dramatic adjustment of replacing the devil as the master of the three witches,which reflected the tragic poet’s concern for the common people in the great changes of time.Macbeth presents the poet’s soul as coldly prudent,free and profound in the midst of time and political constraints.

关 键 词：《麦克白》 麦克白神话 斯图亚特神话 环球剧院 赫卡忒 

分 类 号：I106.3[文学—世界文学]